28 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
little red sandstone. Various layers of the limestone are conglomeratic— 
a peculiarity which is more common in the Ku-shan and Ch’au-mi-tién 
members of the Kiu-lung group. In the Kiu-lung-shan, south of Yen- 
chuang, olive micaceous shales replace the usual brown shales at the top 
of the Man-t’o formation. Sections in this area show a sandy limestone 
at the base of the series which overlies the Man-t’o; the limits are thus 
rendered fairly definite. ! 
Fossils from Man-t’o shale.—The Man-t’o formation in the Sin-t’ai 
district presents much the same characteristics as in the region farther 
north. ‘The lower 35 meters or more have yielded no fossils whatever, but 
in limestones above this barren zone they occur at several horizons. 
As before, the oldest fossiliferous layers are the slaty black limestones, 
upon the weathered surfaces of which fragments of Redlichia appear. 

Fic. 8 (Blackwelder).—Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. Section of Cambrian strata in the western part 
of the Kiu-lung-shan. 1= gray gneiss; 2= bright green shale; 3= gray earthy limestone; 4= 
dense blue-black limestone; 5= brown and yellow shale; 6= blue-gray limestone; 7=shaly gray 
limestone; 8 = dense blue-black limestone; 9 = yellow shale; 10= gray limestone and shale; 11 = 
slaty black limestone; 12= chocolate slate; 13= brown shaly sandstone; 14= yellow shale; 15 = 
buff earthy limestone; 16= red shale. (Section continued in fig. 8a.) 
The remains were, however, so fragmentary that a reference to the genus 
is all that seems possible at present. 
An upper Redlichia fauna was discovered in the slopes of the faulted 
butte (Hu-lu-shan) south of Yen-chuang, and in the mountain (Huang- 
yang-shan) east of the butte. The fossils occur in a finely crystalline 
dark gray limestone, a little more than 30 meters above the black slates 
just mentioned, and although fragmentary, they were well preserved and 
are revealed by breaking the rock. ‘The species collected from this stratum 
include: 
Billingsella richthofeni Walcott Ptychoparia constricta Walcott 
Stenotheca rugosa chinensis Walcott Redlichia nobilis Walcott 
Hyolithes delia Walcott 
Although fossils undoubtedly occur in some of the thin gray lime- 
stones in the upper half of the shales, none have yet been collected; except 
that some undeterminable fragments of Ptychoparia were found in a brown 
shale which lies at the top of the Man-t’o section. 
