STRATIGRAPHY OF SHAN-TUNG. 29 
KIU-LUNG GROUP OR FORMATION. 
The Kiu-lung division takes its name from the Kiu-lung (Nine Dragon) 
range of hills south of Yen-chuang in the Sin-t’ai district. The rocks of 
this widely distributed group occur along our route in the hills about the 
villages of Ch’au-mi-tién and Ch’ang-hia, in the low pagoda hill near 
T’ai-an-fu, in the hills 16 kilometers southeast of the same city, in the 
mountains in the Sin-t’ai-Yen-chuang district and about 16 kilometers 
south of Po-shan. The members of the group are subject to marked 
horizontal variations, a thick hard limestone sometimes grading off into 
shales within a few miles. Thus the subdivisions which may be distin- 
guished in one locality are not readily recognizable in others. ‘The total 
thickness varies from 275 to 335 meters. 





Chl SS 
2S 
SS SS 
SSS 
ahi 2G OSES 
STIS : 
SRR RES 
RES SES PRS 
SSO x SSS 






: SSS a 5 fe ss ~ 
SSSSS§ PY ASSESS a 
SS SS SSS : =< SQ eae SSX S at 
SSSaw lee Poo ° eases : OS 
SSS eeten : RSS 
SSSSSSSSSSNSS SENSIS RSS 
718 19 20 2I 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3! 25 26. 27 2829 30 3i 32 33 
I'ic. 8a.—17 = black limestone; 18= yellow shale; 19= purple-gray limestone; 20= gray limestone; 
21= yellow shale and thin limestone; 22=red shale and thin limestone; 23 = green-gray lime- 
stone; 24= red and yellow shale; 25= maroon shale; 26 = greenish conglomeratic limestone; 27 = 
brown shale; 28 = buff earthy limestone; 29 = olive green shale; 30= cross-bedded green-gray lime- 
stone; 31 = olive shale; 32= gray sandy limestone; 33 = hard dark oolite; 34 = light and dark gray 
limestone; 35 = green shale; 36 = dense gray limestone; 37 = green nodular shale and thin limestone; 
38 = massive dark limestone. The scale of these figures is indicated in feet. 
IN THE CH’ANG-HIA DISTRICT. 
CH’ANG-HIA LIMESTONE. 
Stratigraphy.—In the region about Ch’ang-hia and Ch’au-mi-tién three 
distinct formations are recognized in the Kiu-lung group. The first to be 
described is the lowest, the Ch’ang-hia oolite. Overlying the soft strata of 
the Man-t’o rest about 150 meters of massive limestones, which form cliffs 
several hundred feet high. From the prominence of these cliffs in the 
neighborhood of Ch’ang-hia, the formation has been named the Ch’ang-hia 
limestone or oolite. The lowest strata consist of about 18 meters of thin- 
bedded olive-gray limestones, which are in part oolitic. Then follow the 
massive, cliff-making beds of black oolite, having an average thickness 
of 75 meters. This limestone is dull gray in ground color and sometimes 
has a tinge of green, derived from grains of glauconite; but it 1s rendered 
much darker by the abundant oolitic nodules, which are blackish. In 
the gentler slopes above the cliffs there are about 30 meters of crystalline 
