58 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
east of ‘T's’ai-kia-chuang the conglomerate lies upon Sinian limestones; 5 
miles south of Sin-t’ai-hién it lies upon the basal red sandstone of the 
Sin-t’ai series; and east of Sin-t’ai it appears to overlie the red gravelly 
clays in the upper part of that formation. The fact that it rests promis- 
cuously upon several different formations is in itself a strong indication 
that it is unconformable on the older strata. Further evidence on this 
point is furnished by the structure of the rocks bordering the fault line 
east of Sin-t’ai; the red gravelly shales here dip 22° toward the fault, 
but the conglomerate scarcely half a mile away lies nearly horizontal 
(Fig. 15). Lastly, we have the fact that the conglomerate beds south of 
Sin-t’ai contain fragments of soft red sandstone. Although the Man-t’o 
shales do locally contain a thin bed of red sandstone, yet the only large 






N Tw Ss 
PY Rt 
3 — : PMs 
ERY ODDGECELZ-ZL ELLE: an 
pedi, 2k Se = 2 IE mans 
Ziff WRK ee LAE EEE EDD EARLE LEELA 
WN tSy Woe ZS SS eee gre ee aE pe 
v/a) MG; ti Sih 6. ASS pte FSSLEA Tie ees LAs FOOT Ae 6 BEL EL EGE. 
Sh fA, 45 Tee SES red SPI Sead tI 6A AEE re 
pe PG EI LIED ELLE ESICEIIEE AAA AES 
Ay LS 4 EO BEE DE BEE Ae PCA SLE OLI LL EE 
yf ee 7 ILLS C2 Be ere PO ae ALA AAE AAA EA eg OES 
f <<a is SW z= ZS AO LEELA Ee EEC ELE EE 0! 2. 2 
HY LSi7=ZZL| SSGS SEED SILA SSRIS Aen PELE GEL 0S: 
y GS lad ASEAN ISAS ED CD SLND 

Fic. 15 (Blackwelder) .—Sin-t’ai-hién, Shak dabei aaalomerne (Tertiary?) lying upon eroded 
surface of Permo-Mesozoic (PMs) red shale adjacent to ancient normal fault. 
body of such rocks which we found in Shan-tung is the basal member of 
the Sin-t’ai series. If the fragments contained in the conglomerate were 
derived from that formation, it is to be inferred that the red strata were 
undergoing erosion at that time, and that the conglomerates are therefore 
unconformable upon the Sin-t’ai series. 
The Won-ho conglomerates are evidently connected with the period 
of normal faulting. The formation has the character of a deposit spread 
out along the bases of recent fault-scarps by the streams which were 
engaged in reducing the elevations formed by the faults. From physio- 
graphic evidence, Willis infers that the faulting occurred during the early 
Tertiary. We therefore assign the conglomerates tentatively to that age. 
