RECONNAISSANCE IN SOUTHWEST LIAU-TUNG. 89 
The succession of quartzites, marble, and schists, which occur in the 
ridge just north of Li-kuan-ts’un, is so like that at Ta-shi-k’iau that we 
may consider them as all belonging to a single system. The first member 
is a massive gray quartzite, which differs from the similar rock seen at 
Ta-shi-k’iau in that it contains numerous local layers of conglomerate. 
The pebbles rarely exceed the size of hazel-nuts and are composed, for 
the most part, of quartzes which are somewhat varied in color; white, 
gray, brown, and even red. As the base of the hill was obscured by soil 
and debris, I could not determine whether or not the conglomerate marks 
an unconformity at the base of the quartzite. It is, however, significant 
that in the considerable vertical range through which the conglomerate 
was traced, it did not appear to grow coarser or more prevalent downwards. 
The marble is white and in that respect is unlike the marble of Ta-shi-k’iau. 
Furthermore, it contains aggregates of needle-like crystals, which are 
probably tremolite; it is not improbable that this feature is a result of 
contact metamorphism, for the limestone happens to be associated, in 
the few exposures examined, with dikes of hornblende porphyry. The 
mica-schists are so deeply decayed that it was not practicable to deter- 
mine their exact character. 
This series was observed while ascending the small valley which joins 
the river just north of Li-kuan-ts’un.* The quartzite is exposed in the 
bluffs at the mouth of the ravine, in massive layers which have an inclina- 
tion of 25° toward the south. The soil-covered slopes of the valley do not 
afford many exposures of the bed-rock. After crossing the quartzite we 
came upon the marble dipping southward and apparently underlying the 
quartzose member; the relations of the two, however, were not accurately 
visible. The marble is in turn succeeded by the schists, which underlie 
the gentle slopes near the head of the valley. 
The relations of the metamorphic rocks to the other systems are 
shrouded in the same uncertainty as those of Ta-shi-k’iau, inasmuch as 
the southern border of the outcrop is bounded by a sandy flat, while 
porphyry intrusions inclose it on the north. 
Yung-ning sandstone.—The type locality for von Richthofen’s Yung- 
ning sandstone was crossed between Fu-chéu and Li-kuan-ts’un. The 
description already given by von Richthofenf in his report on this district 
is ample for all the details observed. For the most part the rocks consist 
of coarse sandstones, grits, or graywackes, which are cross-bedded in 

* Although von Richthofen passed over the same road he was prevented by darkness from making 
observations in these hills. (Vol. 11, p. 72:—Leider zog ich nach Sonnenuntergang voriiber und konnte 
daher die Zusammensetzung dieser Hiigel nicht ermitteln.) His section has since been found incorrect 
as far as concerns the structure of the rocks near Li-kuan-ts’un. (China, vol. 1, p. 74.) 
+ China, vol. 11, pp. 73, 109. 
