94 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
considers this series equivalent to the rocks exposed along the Tung-w6n-ho 
in Shan-tung—a section which apparently contains portions of our Man-t’o 
and Kiu-lung formations. 
Volcanic rocks.—Sedimentary rocks younger than the Fu-chdéu series 
were not observed along my route of travel, although Carboniferous strata 
were seen by von Richthofen in his journey toward the southwest. The 
youngest rocks which came to my notice are certain intrusive lavas, 
occurring mostly in the northern part of the region studied. 
At the village of Li-kuan-ts’un, and again on the northern slope of 
the ridge to the north of that village, there are massive intrusions of dark 
purplish-brown feldspar-porphyry. The form of these intrusions is sug- 
gestive of volcanic stocks, but if this inference is correct, the old volcanoes 
have been entirely destroyed, for I saw no other lava flows nor other super- 
ficial accumulations. ‘Two to 5 miles, 3 to 8 kilometers, south of Li-kuan- 
ts’un the sandstone is cut by a variety of dikes, which are in some places 
exceedingly numerous. From inspection in the field the rocks appear to 
be gray quartz-porphyries, light brown feldspar-porphyries, aplites, and 
dark greenstones. The intrusion of these dikes has had but little effect 
upon the sandstone. North of Li-kuan-ts’un there are a few dikes of 
greenish hornblende-porphyry, rhyolite-porphyry, and greenstone, which 
break indiscriminately through rocks of various ages. Other dikes of a 
similar nature are found near the southern border of the Yung-ning sand- 
stone outcrop north of Fu-chéu. In the exposure of the gneissic complex 
northwest of Ting-t’un, a dike of unaltered basalt nearly 100 feet, 30 
meters, thick traverses the ancient rocks. 
All of these lavas are relatively unaltered, except as they have under- 
gone weathering at the surface. Lithologically, they appear to be similar 
to many of the dikes associated with the Carboniferous and later rocks 
of central Shan-tung. 
CORRELATION OF SERIES. 
The formations found in southwest Liau-tung are prevailingly unlike 
those of western Shan-tung and western Chi-li. The sedimentary series 
contain many unfamiliar members whose positions in the general column 
were not determinable. ! 
Gneissic complex.—The basal complex in this region is so much like 
that of Shan-tung, that it may safely be considered its equivalent. The 
granite at Siung-ytié-chéng, which I have correlated provisionally with the 
complex, is not unlike some of the granites of the T’ai-shan system. It 
appears to differ notably from the ‘Korea granite’? which von Richthofen 
describes* and assigns toa period later than the Ta-ku-shan quartzites, etc. 

*China, vol. 1, pp. 83, 107. 
