132 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
areas occur southeast of the village of Wang-k’uai-chén and near the town 
of Féu-p’ing-hién. These occurrences lie in belts or isolated patches, 
generally bounded by outcrops of the T’ai-shan complex, but in the vicinity 
of Ning-shan overlaid by Sinian strata. A statement of the sections which 
we observed follows. 
Vicinity of Wan-hien.—On the border of the plain northwest of 
Wan-hién, the Ta-yang rocks were found in contact with gneiss which is 
overthrust upon them from the southeast (see Figs. 28 and 29). A short 
distance westward, however, the limestones lie undisturbed upon the 
gneiss. The lowest rocks in the section here exposed are gray-white cal- 
careous shales, which are slightly metamorphosed. This basal member 
varies in thickness from a few inches to 30 feet, 10 meters, or more. It is 
followed by an unknown thickness of gray flinty limestones, with which 
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Fic. 28 (Blackwelder).—Wan-hién, Chi-li. Section of low hills north-northwest of city, showing Pre- 
Cambrian granite overthrust upon Ta-yang (Algonkian) limestone on the right, but lying uncon- 
formably beneath it on the left. 
SE : NW 

Fic. 29 (Blackwelder).—Wan-hién, Chi-li. Pre-Cambrian granite overthrust upon Ta-yang (Algonkian) 
limestone in the edge of the alluvial plain northwest of the city. a= muscovite-schist along fault- 
plane; b = white quartzite; c = aplite dike; d= gray limestone with tremolite crystals; e = dense 
gray limestone, with shale. 
are associated thin seams of quartzite and schists. The limestone is 
usually banded with light- and dark-gray colors, but there are also con- 
siderable masses which are clear gray, yellowish, or even white. The 
composition of the rock is somewhat variable. There are earthy varieties, 
the weathered surfaces of which are covered with an ashy residue; there 
are also highly siliceous members, which are very hard and dense and have 
a conchoidal habit of fracture; also nearly pure limestones, belonging to 
the clear-gray flintless member. The siliceous and pure varieties occur in 
moderately thick strata, evenly bedded; the earthy rocks are thin-bedded 
or shaly. At many horizons in the limestones flint is abundant. It occurs 
in nodules, in nodular layers, and in groups of thin parallel laminz which 
are often wavy or even curved in peculiar designs, having little relation to 
the stratification of the rock and not due to the mechanical deformation 
