154 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
of the section the highest limestone layers are overlain by a brecciated 
conglomerate of chert derived from the limestone, and this is succeeded 
by quartzite and black slate. The conglomerate marks an unconformable 
contact, probably between the Pre-Cambrian and the Lower Cambrian, and 
has been described in connection with the stratigraphy. Similar sections 
across the Ta-yang limestone were observed on the road which passes 
through the hills southeast of Ming-fu, and also west of Si-ta-yang. 
Overlying the Ta-yang limestone, along its northwestern margin, 
occur Cambrian strata. Between Nan-t’ang-mei and Ming-fu there is an 
unconformable contact of deposition, showing the chert conglomerate 
at the base, quartzite, and then black and green argillite. Southwest of 
Ming-fu the contact is along an overthrust fault, which cuts out the lower 
members of the Cambrian and brings the Ki-chéu limestone down on to 
the Ta-yang limestone. They are very similar in appearance and are 
At 
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a an ESE a as Ra At 
MIR Aer DG ag ROS ELIE POC 

Fic. 48.—Section BB, atlas sheet F I, across the Ning-shan coal-basin, Chi-li, and the belt of Pre- 
Cambrian limestone southeast of it, to the T’ai-shan complex near Si-ta-yang. 








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DSSS : SSS PEELE EN TELNET TEP SEEGER 
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Fic. 49.—Section CC, atlas sheet F I, across the Ning-shan coal-basin, Chi-li, west of Ning-shan. 

distinguished only by the abundance of chert in the Ta-yang and its 
absence in the Ki-chéu limestone. The plane of overthrust is character- 
ized by crushed limestone. Near Ming-fu the overthrust appears to be 
of slight stratigraphic throw, and probably dies out toward the northeast, 
but immediately southeast of Ning-shan the stratigraphic throw is greater, 
and much of the Ki-chéu limestone is cut out, leaving only the upper 
part, which closely underlies the coal-measures. The overthrust extends 
southwest to the Sha-ho and possibly beyond it. It thus constitutes the 
southeastern margin of the Paleozoic basin. 
Considered in its broader features, the structure of the Paleozoics 
is that of a simple syncline. From the overthrust along the southeastern 
side, the Ki-chéu limestones dip northward at angles varying from 25° to 
60°, and along the northwestern side of the basin the same strata dip south- 
ward 40° to 50°. Between these outcrops lie the Shan-si coal-measures, 
which, though separated from the Ki-chéu by an unconformity of erosion, 
are structurally seemingly conformable with the older rocks and, like them, 
lie in a shallow basin. 
The apparently simple structure of the Paleozoics is, however, 
complicated by numerous folds and faults. The Ki-chéu limestones are 
