STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE YANG-TZI PROVINCE. 293 
which is both folded and faulted, follows and is overturned on the Sin- 
t’an lying in a closed syncline in the summit of the range. 
North of the Ki-sin-ling the structure as far as Chén-p’ing-hién pre- 
sents two great anticlines in the Ki-sin-ling limestone, and a shallow, simple 
syncline in the Sin-t’an shale. The limestones in the southern anticline 
present very steep dips. The fold is nearly closed and the strata generally 
vertical. The section across the second anticline shows many minute 
plications, a sequence of sharply angular folds which could not be followed 
through in detail, but which also constitute in general effect a closed fold 
ending in vertical dips toward the north. The intervening syncline shows 
the corresponding steep dip northward and gentle dip southward. 
North of Chén-p’ing-hién the Wu-shan limestone, which is represented 
in the heart of the mountains only by the small synclinal keel north of 
Tung-kuan-k’ou, appears again in a much plicated and overturned syn- 
cline between similar bodies of Sin-t’an shale. ‘These structures belong 
properly to the metamorphic province of the Han basin, and are discussed 
in that connection. 
RELATIONS OF THE SECTION ACROSS THE KIU-LUNG-SHAN. 
General discusston.—The section from the Yang-tzi northward across 
the Kiu-lung-shan exhibits two phases of structure: the southern, of broad 
gentle folds, between Wu-shan-hién and Ta-ning-hién; and the northern, 
of closed carinate folds, between Ta-ning-hién and Ch6n-p’ing-hién. If 
we extend the section northward we may add a third phase, that of over- 
turned isoclinal folds with development of schistosity, which characterizes 
the Han province. Considered from north to south this section may be 
compared with one across the Appalachian province from southeast to 
northwest, there being in each case a belt of intense deformation, followed 
by a belt of close folding, which in turn is succeeded by a belt of open folds. 
The last, in China, extends beyond our ken, and we can not complete the 
comparison, but it is sufficiently suggestive, so far as it goes. The intensity 
of deformation lessens from north to south; overfolds in the northern 
district are toward the south, and the movement was apparently in the 
same direction. 
At first sight another line of inference is suggested: In the main range, 
south of Chén-p’ing-hién, carinate folding is developed in the slaty lime- 
stone and shale of the Ki-sin-ling and Sin-t’an formations, and further 
south open folding is characteristic of the Wu-shan massive limestone. 
Had we only these two belts, we might infer that each type of folding is 
peculiar to a stratigraphic condition, and therefore that the Wu-shan 
limestone, restored over the main range, should exhibit open folds, whereas 
the Ki-sin-ling and Sin-t’an, traced beneath the southern belt, should be 
