314 RESEARCH IN CHINA. 
Hei-shui-k’6u the chlorite-schists predominate almost to the exclusion of 
other rocks. At rare intervals rocks of unquestionable sedimentary origin 
occur, interstratified with the schists. One of these is a 10-foot, 3-meter, 
layer of dense white quartzite, which the river crosses less than a mile 
below Kan-yii-wan. In the ridge opposite that village the sericite-chlorite- 
schist contains numerous crushed ellipsoidal pebbles of white quartz, which 
range in length from 1 to 6 inches and all lie with their longer axes parallel 
to the plane of schistosity. This is evidently a schistose conglomerate, 
and it is possible that it marks a line of division between a younger and 
an older series. Definite relations, however, were not ascertained. The 
chloritic schists continue about 2 miles, 3 kilometers, above Kan-yti-wan, 
and contain in that interval two nearly vertical members of dense gray 
limestone, each 100 to 200 feet, 30 to 60 meters, thick. 
The schists are gradually succeeded by pale greenish and purplish 
argillites, with which are included thin members of siliceous white lime- 
stone and chlorite-phyllite. All of these are hard resistant rocks and where 
their upturned edges protrude rugged mountains occur. They extend to 
the vicinity of Liu-ytié-ho. 
The strata which have been described as the Kan-yii-wan schists are 
for the most part severely metamorphosed and characterized by a pre- 
vailing greenish color, due to the prevalence of chlorite. The only other 
rocks in China with which we can compare them are the Wu-t’ai schists 
of central Shan-si, and the resemblance between the two systems is 
such that von Richthofen felt justified in extending the name “ Wu-t’ai 
schichten’’ to these Kan-yii-wan schists.* We regard this correlation 
as probably correct, although not yet well substantiated. 
The granites of the Ts’in-ling mountains.—Lithologically the granites 
mentioned in the foregoing pages belong to two varieties, exemplified by 
a specimen from the north side of the Ts’in-ling pass, and by observations 
near Shi-t’ing-ho. 
The former is a black and white rock of uniform medium grain. It 
is composed of glassy quartz, microcline and orthoclase, black biotite, dark 
green hornblende, sphene, apatite, and epidote. This is the prevailing 
granite of the central and northern portions of the Ts’in-ling uplift, in 
the line of our route of travel. On the south side of the pass the color 
of the granite is clear-gray with less distinction between the crystals of 
dark and light minerals. Structurally it is massive and not visibly gneiss- 
oid; it is cut by no dikes, except of white aplite and pegmatite. The 
granite at Ir-ling-p’u is similar to this, and the Lién-hua-shi rock has the 
same aspect. 

* China, vol. m1, p. 581 
