14 GsARaN: Aull ONES 

when shade would be detrimental. The damage caused by shade in dull weather 
will more than offset the advantages of having shade on the houses during a few 
very hot days. If shade is used, it should be light, and so mixed that rains will 
gradually remove it before late summer. Shade is actually more beneficial io 
employees working in the greenhouses during hot weather than it is to the 
plants. 
Do not plant the cuttings in the flat or pot any deeper than they were in the sand. 
Deep planting encourages stem rot. Make a hole deep enough to accomodate 
the roots without rolling them up in a ball. Press the soil firmly about the roots. 
Water quite heavily after planting, then allow the soil to dry out fairly well be- 
fore watering again. It is best to allow the soil to dry out pretty well between 
waterings, whether in flats or in benches, for a constantly moist soil prevents 
proper root development and encourages disease 
It is inadvisable to water young carnation plants overhead. During very hot 
summer days, young carnation plants may safely be sprinkled overhead provided 
that there is no trace of fungus or bacterial disease on the plants and they will 
dry out completely before night. However, the benefit derived from overhead 
watering is hardly worth the risk involved. 
Carnations are a cool CYOpr Keep your houses from 48 to 50 degrees at night. 
52 degrees is about the maximum for proper growth. On bright, cool days, run 
your houses as near 60 degrees as possible. On cloudy days, keep the tempera- 
ture down to about 55 degrees. Of course when the days are bright and warm, 
it is impossible to keep temperatures down to 60 degrees. Higher temperatures 
under such conditions are normal and perfectly safe, but plenty of ventilation 
should be given. Carnations like a free circulation of air at all times, but strong 
drafts should be avoided. 
It makes very little difference whether carnations are planted in raised benches 
or ground beds. If drainage is adequate, they will do very well in ground beds. 
They do not require deep soil. Five inches of soil is sufficient. Planting is a 
very important operation, and should be closely supervised. Here, again, deep 
planting must be avoided. Roots should not be rolled up in a ball and pressed 
into the soil, but a hole large enough to accomodate the roots should be dug, 
and the soil pressed firmly about them. Plants should be handled very carefully 
to avoid injury, for not only is a broken branch a financial loss, but every injury 
is a potential source of infection later on. Some varieties require more space 
than others, but an average of 7 inches by 7 inches is sufficient. Some varieties 
such as Maytime or Pelargonium may be planted closer, while other varieties like 
John Briry or Miller's Yellow may require a little more space. 
As a further aid to you in diagnosing and treating carnation diseases, we have 
described on the following pages the seven ailments which cause about 95% of 
the trouble in carnation houses. If you encounter any other problems that per- 
plex you, we will be very happy to hear from you and to assist you to the best 
of our ability. . 
Our prices are as low as 15 consistent with careful selection, 
skill ful propagation and efficient service. 
