158 A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL BOTANY 
The stock is usually cut off above the place where the bud is 
to be inserted, while at the place of insertion a T-shaped slit 
is made through the bark into the cambium. The flaps are then 
loosened and the bud is inserted under them. The preparation 
is bound tightly to insure close contact of the inner surface of 
the bud with the cambium of the stock and to prevent the bud 










































Fic. 157. Budding and grafting 
Left, budding ; center, whip grafting ; right, cleft grafting 
from getting out of place. The junction should then be very 
carefully sealed with grafting wax to prevent loss of moisture. 
Grafting consists in cutting off a piece of stem of one plant 
and inserting it into another. The common method of grafting 
when the stock is large is known as cleft grafting (Fig. 157). 
The scion consists of a small piece of twig with several buds. 
Its base is cut like a wedge. A vertical cleft is made into the 
decapitated stock and the scion inserted so that its cambium 
comes in contact with that of the stock. The wound is covered 
with wax to prevent drying. Whip grafting is employed on 
small stocks. In this method both stock and scion are cut 

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