THE FRUIT AND THE SEED 277 

Fic.261. Achenes of Ele- frequently mistaken 
phantopus, Cosmos, and for seeds. 
Bidens (beggar-ticks) 
These are dispersed by ad- 
hering to animals. (x 21) usually divided into 
fleshy. The dry fruits may be subdivided 
into dehiscent fruits, or capsules, and inde- 
hiscent fruits. Dehiscent fruits are those 

Fig. 263. Schizocar- 
pic pods of sensitive 
plant (Mimosa pu- 
dica) and tick trefoil 
(Desmodium gangeti- 
cum). (x1) 
of the outer coverings of the seeds (Fig. 
285). In the mulberry (Fig. 246) the 
fleshy part consists largely of thickened, 
fleshy calyx lobes. The collective fruit 
of the pineapple is composed of a central 
axis and numerous flowers which become 
fleshy. The fig is a hollow, pear-shaped 
inflorescence on the inside of which are 
many flowers (Fig. 256). These flowers 
are developed into 
many small, seed- 
like fruits which are 
Classification of 
fruits. Fruits are 
two classes, dry and 

Fig. 262. Samaras of 
which open at maturity ; 
Securidaca corymbosa 
so that their seeds can nt 
: : : and Tarrietia sylvatica. 
escape, while indehis- ‘ 
(X4) 
cent ones are those 
which do not open. Indehiscent fruits may 
be further subdivided into achenial and scha- 
zocarpic fruits. The fleshy fruits may be 
divided into drupes and berries. 
Capsules. Dry, several-seeded to many- 
seeded dehiscent fruits are known as capsules. 
Capsules are of many shapes, and they open 
in many different ways (Figs. 257, 271, 279, 
280). The legume, or pod, and the follicle 
are special kinds of capsules. The follicle 
and the legume are each derived from an 
