THE FRUIT AND THE SEED 280 
fruits are usually constructed so that the fleshy part may be eaten 
without injury to the seed. In many cases the seed coat is very 
hard, while in drupes the seed is protected by the stony endo- 
carp. Owing to this protection a seed may pass without injury 

Fre. 285. Double follicle of Tabernaemon- Fira. 286. Fruits adapted to 
tana pandacaqut dissemination by having hooks 
The follicle to the right has opened. Theseeds which adhere to animals 
are suited to dispersal by animals by having Left, Triumfetta bartramia (22); 
brilliantly colored, fleshy coverings. (x 3) right, Triumfetta annua. (x1) 
through the digestive tract of an animal. Birds are particularly 
prominent in disseminating the seeds of fleshy fruits. Sometimes 
they eat the fleshy portion of a fruit and throw the seeds away. 
Adhesive fruits. Many dry fruits have hooklike appendages 
(Figs. 261, 263, 286) which are particularly fitted for grasping 

Fig. 287. Seed of Hyptis suaveolens, adapted todis- Frq.288. Fruit of Jm- 
semination by animals by having a mucilaginous _patiens balsamina, which 
covering which swells and is very sticky when wet explodes and _ scatters 
Left, dry seed ; right, wet seed. (x 4) the seeds. (x 1) 
the hair of animals. Animals to which the fruits adhere carry 
them about and thus distribute the seeds. In a similar way 
fruits may adhere to clothing and thus be disseminated by man. 
Some seeds and fruits have a sticky covering which will adhere 
to the hair of an animal (Fig. 287). 
