INDEX 
(References to illustrations are indicated by asterisks accompanying page numbers) 
Abaca (Manila hemp), 152, 159-140 Alcohol, 142 
Abelmoschus moschatus, capsule of,  Alge: Chlorophyceae (green), 318-837 ; 
275* Cyanophyceae (blue-green), 312-315; 
Abrus precatorius, pod of, 276* economic importance of, 342; in 
Abscission layer in mulberry leaf, lichens, 366 ; marine vegetation, 458 ; 
155* Phaeophyceae (brown), 3837-840; 
Absorption, by hairs, 82, 180-183, 184 ; Rhodophyceae (red), 840, 342 
by leaves, 78, 82-86, 90; of minerals Allelomorphs, 236 
and water, 175, 180-185; in proto- Almond, 278 
plasm, 20-21; by roots, 175,180-185; Alocasia indica (elephant’s-ear), flower 
by stems, 165, 170; and transpira- cluster of, 219*; tissue tension in 
tion, 188-189 See Hydration petiole of, 189* 
Abutilon indicum, capsule of, 275* Alpine meadows, 445*, 446* 
Acacia, 219; leaf of, 262* Alternate leaves, 102; divergence of, 
Acacia farnesiana (cassia), leaf of, 92* 103-106 ; phyllotaxy of, 102-103 
Acanthus ilicifolius, leaf of, 92* Alternation of generations, 371-3872 ; 
Achenes, 278, 284 ; of ironweed, 284* ; in Coniferales, 427; in Cycadales, 
of sensitive plant and tick trefoil, 411-415; in Equisetum, 398, 3899; in 
277% Filiciniae, 395; in pteridophytes, 383 
Achras sapota (sapodilla or chico), Amanita phalloides, development of, 
berry of, 279* 359* 
Acquired characters, 248 Amino acids, 295 
Acquired modificationsof structure, 64 Amyloplastids, 24, 290 
Adhesive fruits, 287 Anabaena, 314* 
Adiantum (maidenhair fern), 586* Anaérobic respiration, 53 
Adiantum caudatum (walking fern), Anaphase, 226 
88* Anastomoses, 228 
Adventitious buds, 107 Anchorage, by root, 175-176 ; by root 
JEciospores, 356*, 357-358, 362 hairs, 182; by stem, 170 
/Ecium, 856*, 557 Androspores, of Oedogonium, 327 
Aération, in aquatics, 80; in epi- Angiospermae, 404 ; male gametophyte 
phytes, 174; in submerged plants, and fertilization, 481-482; mega- 
58-54 sporangium and female gametophyte, 
Aérial roots, of Jussiaea repens, 463% ; 430-4381; microsporangium and mi- 
and light, 109 ; of mangrove forests, crospores, 405; seed, 482; sporo- 
461-462; of Pandanus tectorius, phylls, 429-430 ; subclasses, 428 
178*; of Raphidophora, 176*; of | Animals, compared with plants, 4-5 ; 
Rhizophora, 460* dispersal of seeds by, 286-288 ; 
Aérial shoots, 454; of Utricularia, 86 importance of photosynthesis to, 
Agar, 342 47-48 
Agathis alba, branch and cones of, 421* — Annual rings, 146-1453 
Agave, 89, 132, 204 Annular vessels, 122 
Agave cantula (century plant), 63*, Annulus of fern sporangium, 388* 
122* Anona squamosa (sugar apple), aggre- 
Ageregate fruits, 272, 273* gate fruit of, 273* 
Air, components of, 7; in soil, 10 Anther, 5, 6, 206, 207* 
465 

