
INDEX — 467 
Brace roots, 199-201 
Bracts, 87-88, 94 
Branches, age of, 100; axillary, 107; 
deliquescent, 107; dichotomous, 
372-378 ; excurrent, 107; of guava, 
96%, 100% ; horizontal, iat 112: and 
stem, 106-107 
Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis), 
collective fruit of, 273% 
Breeding, acquired characters, 248 ; 
continuous variations, 248- 249 : hy- 
brids, 289, 249 ; hybrid vigor, 253- 
254 ; inbreeding and outbreeding, 
254- 256; mutations, 250-252 ; ; plant, 
248-256 : selection, 248- 256; varia- 
tions due to hybridization, 249-250 
Bristlelike hairs, 76 
Bristles in Venus’s-flytrap, 84 
Bromeliads, 83, 90 
Brown alge. See Phaeophyceae 
Bryales and Filiciniae, 389, 392 
Bryophyllum, 88-89, 205 
Bryophyllum pinnatum, 89* 
Bryophyta, 304, 867-382; classifica- 
tion of, 867-868 ; and conifers, 427; 
and Cycadales, 409 ; fertilization of, 
393% ; and Filiciniae, 395; Hepaticae, 
368-380 ; Musci, 380-882 
Bud scales, 92, 94, 99-101, 441 
Budding, 157-159 ; in yeast, 353 
Buds, adventitious, 107; axillary, 99, 
105* ; dormant, 99, 100; and graft- 
ing, 157-158 ; and stem, 99 
Bulbs, 89, 204; etiolation of, 114 
Bundlés, 181-138; bicollateral, 127; 
collateral, 127; concentric, in ferns, 
385-888 ; course of, in stem, 133; 
vascular, 142-149 
Bush land, 454* 
Buttress roots, 202, 488*, 489 
Cabbage, 48, 249 
Cactus, 11, 91, 170, 454, 456, 457% 
Calamus (rattan palm), 81*, 456 
Calcium, 175 
Calcium oxalate crystals, 32, 38 
Callicarpa caudata, branched hair of, 
74% 
Callicarpa erioclona, stellate hair of, 
74% 
Callus, 156, 157 
Calyptra, 382* 
Calyx, 6, 205, 207-209 
Cambium, activity of, 143-145; of di- 
cotyledons, 125; formation of, 142- 
143 
Canangium odoratum (ylang-ylang), 
separate fruits of, 278%; stem of, 
143* 
Canna, 219; flower of, 218*; leaf of, 
27% 
Canna indica, 212-213 
Capsules, 275%, 276*, 277-278, 279, 
282*, 285%, 381, 382% 
Carbohydrates, 44, 288-291, 2938; in 
anaérobic respiration, 53 ; ‘cellulose, 
16; in vessels, 140-142 
Carbon, in carbohydrates, 44 ; 
dation, 48 ; in proteins, 18 ; in respi- 
ration, 50, 59; source of, 10 
Carbon dioxide, 175; and animals, 47; 
in chloroplastids, 24: : a compound, 9: 
molecule of, 10; and photosynthesis, 
4, 42-48, 47, 48 : and respiration, 
49- 52; and stomata, 29; used by 
plants, 8 
Carboniferous Age, 268-269 
Cardiospermum halicacabum, capsule 
of, 276* ; stem of, 167* 
Carica papaya, flowers of, 209% ; 
leaf of, 73% 
Carnegiea (giant cactus), 457* 
Carnivorous leaves, 83-87 
Carrots, 14, 208 
Caryopsis, 278 
Casein, 291 
Cashew, fruit of, 275* 
Cassia (Acacia farnesiana), 92* 
Castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis), 
207, 278; flowers of, 209* ; germi- 
nation of, 300% ; leat of," 72: seed 
of, 280% ; "stem of, 117* 
Casuarina, 106% ; branches of, 60* 
Catalysts, 294 
Celastrum, 331* 
Celery, 48 
Cell, 15, 16*, 22*, 23%, 24, 25, 31*, 41%; 
animal, 17; chlorenchyma, 30, 54- 
55, 67; function of, 15; guard, 39, 
67-70; hydration of colloids in, 39 ; 
megaspore mother, 404; neck-canal, 
368*, 369, 389, 391, 392; shield, 329 ; 
thick-walled dead, 135; ventral- 
canal, in ferns, 889, 391, 392 
Cell walls, 18, 16, 17; formation of, 
22 and hydration, "39 
Cellulose, 28, 292*; carbohydrate, 44; 
formula for, 16; walls of collen- 
chyma made of, 119 
Celosia argentea, capsule of, 275* 
Censer mechanisms, 284 
Central body in Cyanophyceae, 312 
in oxi- 
; lobed 
