468 A TEXTBOOK OF 
Century plant (Agave cantula), 89, 91 ; 
cross section of leaf portion of, 63* ; 
leaf fibers of, 122* 
Cereals, 14, 115 
Cestrum nocturnum, branches of, 111*, 
112* 
Chalazal end, 222 
Chara, 328-330; relationship of, 330; 
reproduction in, 829 
Characters, acquired, 248; dominant, 
237; recessive, 237 
Charales, 328-830 
Charcoal, 9 
Chemical formule, 10 
Chemical stimulus to protoplasm, 22 
Chico (Achras sapota), berry of, 279 
Chlamydomonas, 319-321; cell struc- 
ture of, 319-320; relationship of, 321; 
reproduction in, 320-321; and Ulo- 
thriz, 8322-324 
Chlamydomonas angulosa, 319* 
Chlamydomonas longistigma, 320* 
Chlamydospores, 355-3856 
Chlorenchyma cells, 30, 86*; drying 
of, 67; palisade, 30, 38; spongy, 31, 
32; and transpiration, 54-55, 57- 
58, 61-63, 118 
Chlorine, 175 
Chior ophyceae (green alge), Chara, 
5328-330 ; Chlamydomonas, 319-821 ; 
in lichens, 366; Oedogonium, 324- 
328 ; and Phaeophyceae, 337-338 ; 
and Rhodophyceae, 340, 342; Spiro- 
gyra, 334-337; Ulothrix, 321-324 ; 
Vaucheria, 330-334 
Chlorophyll, in intense light, 112; 
lack of, in parasites, 18; in photo- 
synthesis, 4, 42, 46-47 
Chloroplastids, 24, 65*; in guard 
cells, 29*, 69; in leaf and photosyn- 
thesis, 26; in spongy chlorenchyma, 
31 
Chondrus crispus, 842* 
Chromatin, 224, 305-306 
Chromogen, 244 
Chromoplastids, 24 
Chromosomes, 224, 234; alternation 
of generations, 871-872; in angio- 
sperms, 432; in Cycadales, 418; di- 
agram of fertilization of, 280* ; in 
fertilization, 228-229 ; in. Filiciniae, 
395; in heterotypic mitosis, 229- 
231; individuality of, 227-228; in 
pine, 427; reduction of number of, 
229 
Chrysanthemum, 219-220 
GENERAL BOTANY 
Cilium, 319 
Cissus, parasites on roots of, 12*, 164* 
Citrus aurantium, modified branches 
of, 174* 
Citrus decumana (grapefruit), leaf of, 
77* 
Citrus lima (lime), cross section of con- 
ducting system of, 37* 
Cladonia furcata, 862* 
Classes, 211 
Classification of plants, 211-214 
Clavaria, 360* 
Claviceps purpurea (ergot), 353*, 364 
Clay, 186, 187, 188; and humus, 189 
Cleft grafting, 158 
Clematis smilacifolia, leaf of, 81* 
Clematis verticellaris, bundles in stem 
of, 133* 
Clerodendron, 214* 
Climax vegetation, 462-464 
Climbers, 176*; root, 169; 
168-169 
Clitoria ternatea, leaf of, 72* 
Clouds, 19 
Clover, red, 162* 
Club mosses (Lycopodineae), 399-402 
Coal, 382; from plants, 2; stored sun- 
light, 48-49 
Coceus, 3805 
Cockscomb, 164 ; 
163* 
Cocoa (EHrythrorylon coca), cross sec- 
tion of leaf of, 35* 
Coconut, 142, 176, 212, 213, 286, 302 ; 
cells of meat of, 292% ; fruit of, 6, 
germination of, 2K : trunk of, "90% 
Coconut palms, 105%, 141* 
Cocos nucifera, 212, 213 
Coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix), 356%, 
363 
Cold storage, 54 
tendril, 
fasciated stem of, 
Coleus blumei, 137, 212, 213; stem of, 
34* 
Collateral bundles, 127 
Collective fruit, 272, 273* 
Collenchyma, 34, 35, 135, 136, 137, 
195-196; in dicotyledonous stem, 
119-120: in Erythroxylon coca, 35% ; 
in Izora, 33% 
Colloidal dispersion, 18, 19,20 
Colloids, absorption by, 20 ; hydration 
of, 142 ; osmosis of, 142 
Colocasia’ esculentum ‘(taro), corm of, 
173* ; raphides from leaf ‘of, 32* 
Color, inheritance of, 232- 235. See 
Plants, breeding of 
