
INDEX. 
Enzymes, 244, 293-295 
Eosin, 185 
Epicarp, 278 
Epidermal cell walls, thickness and 
cutinization of, 63 
Epidermal cells, transpiration through 
cuticle of, 70; and hair, 29* 
Epidermis, 29%, 30%, 31%, 34: cutinized 
as protection against excessive tran- 
spiration, ee of dicotyledonous 
stems, 115, 116; of Erythroxylon 
coca, 35* ; in Ixora, 33* ; in leaves, 
28; in roots, 192; trichomes i in, 4 
75. 
Epiphytes, 11, 173*, 174, 176, 198*, 
199, 201-202, 448-449, 450, 453* 
_ Epiphytic plants, 11 
_ Epiphytic vegetation, 436, 437, 439, 441 
EHquisetineae, 398-399, 402 
Equisetum, 398-399 
Equisetum arvense, 394* 
Equisetum hiemale, 395* 
Ergot (Claviceps purpurea), 353*, 364 
Erosion, 267-268 
Erythrina fusca (coral tree), wood of, 
149*, 150*, 151* ; flower-of, 206* 
Erythrina indica, branch of, 100% 
Erythroxylon coca (cocoa), blade of, 
35% 
Essential oils, 220 
Etiolation, 1138-114 
Hubasidii, 363 
Eucalyptus, 452; oil of, 128; section 
of leaf of, 37* ; vertical leaves of, 38 
Euglena, 316, 317* 
Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), 
flowers of, 217* ; latex tube of, 126* 
Euphorbia tirucalli, stem of, 166%, 168* 
Euphorbias, 456 
Evaporation, protection of stem against, 
153 ; rate of, 8; and water transpi- 
ration, 54-71 
Evolution, 259-271; comparative mor- 
phology, 261-263 ; course of, 269- 
270; definition of, 259-260; evi- 
dence of change, 261; and fossils, 
264-269 ; and geographical distribu- 
tion, 263-264; geological evidence 
of, 264-269 ; and modern thought, 
270-271 ; organic, 260 
Excretion in protoplasm, 20, 21 
Excurrent branching, 107 
Excurrent growth in pine, 421-422 
Explosive mechanisms, 288 
Exudation of water, 183-184 
Eyespot, 315, 318*, 319 
AGL 
Factors, 233*, 234; SN BEE 
242-944 « cumulative, 244-246 » 
Families of plants, 211 
Fasciation, 164; in cockscomb, 163% 
Fats, 298, 295 ; and oils, 291 
Feathery appendages, 284 
Female gametophyte, of angiosperms, 
- 430-4381; and megasporangium of 
Cycadales, 409; of pine, 422-423 
Fern, 205, 436, 439, 440, 452*; and 
cycads, 411, 415, 416, 417: leaves of, 
64 ; - Polypodium. sinatum, 173% ; stag 
horn, 90 ; tree, 73 ; walking (Adian- 
tum caudatum), 88*. See Filicineae 
Fertilization, 6, 206, 280; in angio- 
sperms, 431-432 ; and chromosomes, 
228-229, 230* ; in fern, Riccia, and 
Selaginella, 392*, 393*; of flower, 
221-223; in Hepaticae, 370;.:and 
male prothallus of Cycadales, 409- 
410; in orchid, 431* ; in pine, 425; 
in Spermatophyta, 405 
Fibers, angiosperm, 429; bast, 145- 
146; maguey, 132; sclerenchyma, 
120; sisal, 132 
Fibrils, 224 
Ficus, 201 
Ficus elastica (India rubber Bren); 89, 
91*, 200* 
Figs, 275%, 277; strangling, 201- 202, 439 
Filament, 6, 206 
Filicineae, 385- 398, 402 ; alternation of 
generations in, 395; development 
of sporophyte of, 395. ; gametophyte 
of, 888, 389, 392; relationship of, 
397-398 ; sporophyte of , 385-888 
Films of water in soil, 10 
Filter paper, cellulose, 16 
Flagella, 305, 310- 811, 315, 317 “318, 
319 
Flagellaria indica, leaf of, 81* 
Flagellata, 315-818 ; cell structure 
of, 315; and Chlamydomonas, 321 ; 
Euglena, 316; relationship of,.317- 
318 ; reproduction in, 316 ; and,Ulo- 
thrix, 324 
Flagellates, 310, 311 
Flanges, 136: 
Flax, 146 
Fleshy fruits, 277, 286-287 
Floating plants, 458-459 
Floats, 78, 80, 82* 
Floral "funetion, 78, 87-88 
Flower, color "inheritance of, 283%, 
252* ; definition of, 204 ; fertiliza~ 
tion of, 221-223 : functions of, .5, 6; 
