A472 A TEXTBOOK OF 
nucleus of, 223-231 ; pollination of, 
214-220; structure of, 205-210 
Follicles, 276*, 277-278, 283* 
Fomes pachyphloeus, 360* 
Food, digestion of, 293-295 ; effect of 
heat on stored, 162; particles of, in 
protoplasm, 20; reserve, 288-293 ; 
in stem, 140; storage of, 89, 96, 801— 
303 
Food conduction, by parenchyma, 119 ; 
by pith rays, 126, 149; by sieve 
tubes, 124; by stem, 95 
Foot of sporophyte of Marchantiales, 
375-377 
Forests, 65; cold temperate deciduous, 
440-448; monsoon, 450-452; schlero- 
phyllous, 449*; subtropical and 
warm temperate, 439-440; tropical 
rain, 433-439; xerophilous, 452 
Formation, and growth, 159 ; in growth 
of root, 178-180 
Formule, chemical, 10 
Fossils, age of, 265-267 ; formation of, 
264-265; history of, 268-269; in- 
completeness of, as records, 267- 
268; nature of, 264 
Four-o’ clock, 282-235, 287, 238, 250 
Fresh-water vegetation, 458-460 
Fructose, 289, 295 
Fruit, 6, 206, 272-279 ; classification 
of, 277; collective and aggregate, 
272: composition of, 274-277; defi- 
nition of, 272; kernel of, 24* 
Fruit sugar, 289 
Fucales, 340 
Fucus, 340, 841* 
Fuel value of wood, 151 
Fungi, 14, 189, 304, 806, 348-365 ; As- 
comycetes, 351-353 ; Basidiomycetes, 
354*-361*, 855-368 ; classes of, 344; 
economic importance of, 863-364 ; 
in lichens, 866; Phycomycetes, 344- 
351; reproduction in, 843-844 ; and 
Vaucheria and Siphonales, 334 
Funiculus, 206, 222, 281 
Galls, insect, 164 
Gametes, 234, 
purity of, 285 
Gametophyte, of Cycadales, 409; fe- 
male, of angiosperms, 480-431 ; and 
fertilization in pine, 425; of He- 
paticae, 868-870 ; in liverworts, 397, 
398 ; of Lycopodium, 399 ; male, of 
angiosperms, 431-482; male, of 
Elodea, 430* ; of Marchantiales, 377 ; 
236, 311, 320-321 ; 
GENERAL BOTANY 
of Musci, 380; or prothallus, of 
ferns, 388-3895; in pteridophytes, 
383; of Selaginella, 401* ; of Sper- 
matophyta, 404-405 
Gap, leaf, 386, 387* . 
Gases, of atmosphere, 8; composition 
of, 9 
Gasteromycetes, 363 
Geaster hygrometricus, 361* 
Geaster limbatus, 361* 
Gelatin, 20 
Gemma, 372* 
Generative cell, of Cycadales, 409 ; of 
pine, 425 
Generative nuclei of angiosperms, 
431-432 
Genetics, 1 
Genus, 211 
Geological evidence, 263-264 
Geotropism, 107-109; negative, 108 ; 
positive, 108 
Germinating seeds in respiration, 51- 
52 
Germination, 7; conditions for, 299- 
300; definition of, 295; of fern 
spore, 888* ; principal process of, 
301-303; respiration during, 53; 
rest period before, 295-298; of 
Rhizophora, 462 ; selection of seeds 
for, 300-301 ; of Spermatophyta, 406—- 
407 
Gill fungi, 363 
Ginger, 115, 172 
Ginkgo, 417-419; and pine, 425 ; rela- 
tionship of, 417, 419 
Ginkgo biloba, 417* 
Ginkgoales, 417-419 
Girders, 185-136, 157* 
Girdled stem, 155* 
Girdling, 156 
Glands, 83-84 ; internal, 128 
Glandular hairs, 76*, 77 
Gleichenia, stem of, 385* 
Gliadin, 291 
Gloeocapsa, 311* 
Glucose (grape sugar), 289, 295; and 
photosynthesis, 43 
Glycerin, 291 
Gomphrenaglobosa (bachelor’s button), 
flower head of, 218* 
Grafting, 157-159 ; cleft, 158 ; whip, 
158-159 
Grain, 278; pollen, 206, 208* ; starch, 
44, 45% 
Grape, 279 
Grape sugar, 48, 289 
