482 
Sulphur in proteins, 18, 175 
Sundews (Drosera), 83-84 
Sunflowers, 110, 219-220, 251-252; 
diagram of flower color of, 252* 
flowers of, 220* 
Superior ovary, 274, 276 
Support, by root, 199-208 ; by stem, 78, 
165-169 
Supporting leaf bases, 78-79 
Surface, increase in, 19-20 
Survival of the fittest, 257-258 
Suspension, 18, 19 
Swamp vegetation, 459-460 
Sweet potato, 14, 203 
Synergids, 222 ; of angiosperms, 431 
Synthetic dye industry, 2 
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, flower 
of, 210* ; pod of, 287* 
Taeniophyllum, 198*, 199 
Tannin, 150 
Tap roots, 175 
Taro (Colocasia esculentum), corm of, 
173* ; raphides from leat of, 32% 
Tarrietia sylvatica, samara of, 277* 
Tegmen, 281 
Teliospores, 357*, 358, 362 
Telophase, 226-227 
Temperature, minimum, 160; opti- 
mum, 160-161; of respiration, 54; 
in transpiration, 57, 59-60 
Tendril climbers, 168-169 
Tendrils, 78, 79, 167* ; leaf, 81* 
Tensions, tissue, in stem, 138-139 
Terminalia calamansanay, fruit of, 
282% 
Terminalia catappa, fruit of, 285* 
Terrestrial plants, 11 
Testa, 278, 281 
Tetrads, 395 
‘Thallophyta, 268, 804-866; bacteria 
304-309 ; Chlorophyceae, 318-337; 
Cyanophyceae, 312-315; definition 
of, 804; Flagellata, 315-318 ; fungi, 
343-365 ; lichens, 366; Phaeophy- 
ceae, 337-340; Rhodophyceae, 340, 
342 
Thickening, secondary, 148* ; in stem, 
142-159 
Thick-walled dead cells, 135 
Thorns, 169 
Thorny plants, 454 
Thunbergia grandiflora, branch of, 
110% 
Tick trefoil (Desmodium gangeticum), 
fruit of, 277* 
A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL BOTANY 
Tissue tension, in petiole of elephant’s- 
ear, 139* ; in stem, 138-139 
Tissues, 33, 185-140 ; in leaves, 136; 
mechanical, in monocotyledonous 
stems, 189-140; mechanical, in roots, 
140; mechanical, in stems, 136- 
138 
Tobacco, 64, 251, 254 ; glandular hair 
of, 76* 
Tomatoes, 13, 14, 254, 279 
Torus (receptacle), 209, 273*, 274, 275*, 
276, 277, 286 
Traces, leaf, 387*: 
Tracheary elements of dicotyledonous 
stele, 121-123 
Tracheids, of angiosperms, 429; of 
Coniferales, 420-421; of dicotyle- 
dons, 121~122 
Tradescantia, cells of, 225*, 227* 
Transfer of materials in germination, 
301-303 
Transpiration, 28-29, 142; and chlor- 
enchyma, 61-63, 67; control of, 53, 
60, 66; cuticular, 55; daily march 
of, 70-77 ; in deciduous leaves, 66- 
67; in dicotyledonous stems, 116; 
and distribution, 65; factors influ- 
encing, 59-60; and growth, 160; 
harmful effects of, 56-57 ; and light, 
112; and loss of leaves, 184; and 
modifications of structure, 63-64 ; 
and number and size of leaves, 60- 
61; process of, 56 ; rate of, 9, 70-71 ; 
and salts, 57-59, 185; and sleep 
movements, 91-92 ; in soil, 188 ; and 
stomata, 63, 67-70; and wilting, 
188-189 
Transplanting plants, 61 
Tree ferns, 73 
Trees, dormancy of, 161, 162-163; 
height of, 447-448 
Tremella, 359% 
Tremellales, 359* 
Trichomes, 62*, 63, 284; in dicotyle- 
donous stem, 116; in leaf, 74-77 
Triglycerides, 291 
Trihybrids, 241-242 
Tripinnate leaf, 73 
Triumfetta annua, fruit of, 287* 
Triumfetta bartramia, fruit of, 287* 
Tropical rain forests, 483-439 
Truffle (Tuber brumale), 351*, 352 
Tsuga heterophylla, 444* 
Tube, pollen, 221, 405 
a cell, of Cycadales, 409 ; of pine, 
25 
