INDEX 
Tube nucleus, of angiosperms, 431-432 
Tuber brumale (truffle), 351*, 352 
Tubers, 172; of potato, 178*; of 
truffle, 351* 
Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), 
stem of, 147* 
Tundra, 444-446 
Turgidity, 34, 188-139, 160, 288; and 
rigidity of stem, 118-119; in stoma, 
68-70" 
Turgor, 39,195; in cells, 41-42; in 
root, 183 ; in stem, 118-119 
Turgor pressure, 183-184 
Turnips, 203 
Turpentine, 127-128 
Twiners, 168 
Ulothriz, 321-824; and Oedogonium, 
327-328; relationship of, 324 
Umbrella plant (Cyperus flabelliformis), 
105*, 106 
Uncaria gambier, modified stems of, 
165* 
Unisexual flowers, 206 
Units of living matter, 24, 25 
Uredinales, 357, 8359*. See Protobasidii 
Urediniospore, 355*, 357*, 358, 362 
Urocystis (smut), 355* 
Usnea barbata, 362* 
Ustilaginales, 355 
Ustilaginoidea virens, 353* 
Ustilago sacchari, 354* 
Ustilago zeae, 354* 
Utricularia, 85*, 86-87 
Vacuoles, 22, 28 
Vallisneria gigantea (eel grass), 216%, 
219 
Variation, 248 ; continuous, 248-249 ; 
due to hybridization, 249-250 
Varnish, 128 
Vascular bundles, 98, 117*, 137*, 144%, 
148* ; of Coniferales, 420-421; of 
dicotyledons, 120-121; of fern, 
384*, 385, 386*, 8387*, 394*; of mon- 
ocotyledons, 1381; of sugar cane, 
182* 
Vaucheria, 380-334; and Odmycetes, 
346-347 ; relationship of, 334; re- 
production in, 330-834 
Veins, 27, 36*, 38 
Venation, 27, 28, 36*, 37* 
Venter, 391*, 392*, 393* 
Ventral-canal cell, 368*, 369, 409 ; in 
ferns, 389, 390*, 391, 392 
Venturia inaequalis, 351* 
485 
Venus’s-flytrap (Dionaea muscipulda), 
84, 85* 
Vernonia (ironweed), fruits of, 284* 
Vertical leaves, 38-39 
Vessels, of angiosperms, 429 ; carbo- 
hydrates in, 140, 142; of dicotyle- 
dons, 122-123 
Vinegar, 184, 307 
Viscum orientale, 13%* 
Vitamins, 293 
V olvocaceae, 321* 
Walnut, 278 
Wandering Jew (Commelina), 191; 
(Zebrina pendula), stoma of, 67* 
Water, in absorbing leaves, 82-83 ; in 
bromeliads, 90; composition of, 9; 
conduction of, 95, 119, 122, 126, 142; 
dispersal by, 284, 286; and germi- 
nation, 299 ; and growth, 160; mole- 
cule of, 10; movement of, in soils, 
186-187; in photosynthesis, 4, 47, 
48 ; and pollination, 219; in proto- 
plasm, 17; in respiration, 49, 50; in 
root, 80, 82, 175, 183 ; storage of, 89, 
166*, 168* ; in transpiration, 54-71, 
188 — 
Water blume, 314 
Water content of leaf, 71 
Water hyacinth (Hichhornia crassipes), 
459; bulbous petiole of, 80, 82%; 
glandular hair of, 76* 
Water lily (Nymphaea stellata), air 
spaces in petiole of, 54, 80 
Water table, 186 
Water vapor, 8 
Web, 136 
Weeds, 189 
Wheat, 14, 115, 218, 246, 254, 291, 
362; color of, 245*; starch grains 
of, 45* 
Wheat rust, 355*, 356*, 357*, 359, 362 
Whip grafting, 158-159 
White of egg, 18 
Whorled leaves, 101-102 
Willow, 107 
Wilting, 188-189 
Wilting coefficient, 188-189 
Wind, 282; pollination by, 95, 215; 
and transpiration, 59-60 
Wing fruit, 282* 
Wings, 282, 284 
Wood, 143; of coral tree (Hrythrina 
JSusca), 149*, 150,* 151* ; secondary, 
of linden, 145* ; weight of, 150-151 
Wood fibers, 123 
