86 Cyperaceae 
GROUP 11 
A. Perigynia smooth. 
B. Stem smooth. C. (C. foetida.) 
C. vernacula Bail. 
BB. Stem scabrous. E. C. nervina Bail. 
AA.  Perigynia rough at least on the angles or on the beak. 
CoeSpike*only Ize: C. nardina Fries 
CC. Spikes several to many, in a somewhat head-like cluster. 
D.  Perigynia nearly orbicular, chestnut-brown, exceeded by the scale. 
E. Stems 1—2 dm. high; heads 8—1I8 mm. long, ovate, little exceeding 
the leaves; pistiliate scales acuminate. E. y 
C. gayana Desv. 
EE. Stems 3—4 dm. high; heads 12—25 mm. long, linear-oblong to ovate- 
oblong, much exceeding the leaves; pistillate scales cuspidate. E. 
C. simulata Mack. 
DD. Perigynia ovate or lanceolate, various in color and length. 
F. Inflorescence spike-like, oblong or cylindric. 
G. Inflorescence 1.5—-2 cm. long; scales much shorter than the perigynia. 
= C. brevisquama Mack. 
GG. Inflorescence 2—-3.5 cm. long; scales about equaling the perigynia. 
H. Bracts all shorter than their spikes; inflorescence uninterrupted; pis- 
tillate scales blunt. E. 
C. occidentalis Bail. 
HH. At least the lower bracts exceeding their spikes; inflorescence often 
interrupted; pistillate scales acute or mucronate. E. 
C. hookeriana Dew. 
FF. Inflorescence head-like, ovoid or ovate to oblong; lower bracts exceeding 
their spikes. 
I. Plant 1—3 dm. high; head 2.5—7.5 cm. long, 2.5—3.75 cm. thick; 
seashore plant. W. 
C. macrocephala Willd. 
II. Plant 3—9 dm. high; head 1—2 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. thick; not a 
seashore plant. W.C. E. (C. hoodii neurocarpa; C. hoodii nervosa.) 
C. hoodii Boott 
GROUP 12 

A. Spikes green. 
B. Perigynia ovate to lanceolate, beak 2-toothed. W.C. E. (C. sterilis for our 
region. ) C. stellulata Good. 
BB. Perigynia obovate, beak entire and oblique. E. 
C. vallicola Dew. 
AA. Spikes light-yellow to brown. 
C. Spikes nearly linear, light-colored. 
D. Scales obtuse to rounded, about equaling the perigynia. E. 
C. occidentalis Bail. 
DD. Scales acute to acuminate or cuspidate, much longer than the perigynia. 
E. Spikes rather crowded; perigynia smooth. E. 
C. douglasii Boott 
EE. Spikes rather loose; perigynia rough-margined. E. 
C. irrasa Bail. 
CC. Spikes ovoid to oblong, light- to dark-brown or blackish. 

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