28 Pinaceae 
EE. Bracts projecting beyond the cone-scales, rounded to obtuse. C. 
A. magnifica shastensis Lemm. (Shasta Fir) 
TSUGA ~ HEMLOCK 
Trees; branchlets roughened by persistent leaf-bases. Leaves flat or convex or 
keeled above, linear, scattered, often complanate. Cones solitary, monoicous. Staminate 
cones globose. Mature pistillate cones ovate-oblong or oval or oblong-cylindric, obtuse, 
pendulous, nearly sessile; scales thin, suborbicular or ovate-oblong, persistent. Seeds 2. 
(Japanese name. ) 
A. Leaves complanate, flat, with stomates only on the under surface; cones, |1.9—2.5 
cm. long. W. C. E. T. heterophylla Sarg. (Western Hemluck) 
AA. Leaves not complanate, convex or keeler above, with stomates on both surtaces; 
cones’ | 927.5" enis long, a We ee 
T. mertensiana Sarg. (Alpine Hemlock) 
PSEUDOTSUGA 
Trees: branchlets not roughened by persistent leaf-bases. Leaves linear, flat, scat- 
tered, obtuse to acuminate, grooved above, often somewhat complanate. Cones solitary. 
Staminate cones oblong-ovate or cylindric. Mature pistillate cones ovate or oblong, acute, 
pendulous; scales rounded, rigid, persistent on the cone axis. Seeds 2. (Gk. pseudos= 
false; Jap. tsuga—hemlock.) W. C. E. (P. -douglasii; P. mucronata.) 
P. taxifolia Brit. (Douglas Fir) 
PICEA SPRUCE 
Trees. Branchlets roughened by the persistent leaf-bases. Leaves linear, mostly 
not complanate, 4-angled, scattered. Staminate cones oblong or oval or cylindric, long- 
stalked. Mature pistillate cones ovoid or oblong-cylindric, pendulous, none on the lower 
half of the tree; scales thin, obtuse, persistent. Seeds 2. (Latin name.) 
A. Cone-scales entire, broadly ovate, rounded at apex; leaves obtuse, somewhat flat; 
branchlets pubescent. U. P. breweriana Wats. (Weeping Spruce) 
AA. Cone-scales not entire, mostly contracted at both ends; leaves acute or acuminate, 
4-sided or somewhat rounded. 
B. Branchlets pubescent; leaves 4-sided, with stomates on 4 sides; cones about 
5 cm. long; cone-scales gradually narrowed to an acute or truncate tip; crushed 
leaves with decided skunk-like smell. C. E. 
Pp. engelmanni Engelm. (Engelmann Spruce) 
BB. Branchlets glabrous; leaves hardly 4-sided, usually with stomates on the upper 
side only; cones 5—10 cm. long; cone-scales rounded at tip; crushed leaves with 
little or no skunk-like smell. W. 
P, sitchensis T. & M. (Sitka Spruce) 
LARIX. LARCH 
Trees with numerous knob-like branches on their twigs. Some of the leaves in 
bunches of 10 or more on the knob-like branches, other leaves scattered on the elongated 
twigs; leaves all awl-shaped, 3—4-angled. Staminate cones globose or oval or oblong. 
Mature pistillate cones ovoid-oblong or conical or subglobose, short-stalked; scales 
slightly thickened, suborbicular or oblong-ovate. Seeds 2. (Celtic name.) 
A. Leaves 3-angled; branchlets and bud-scales pubescent but soon becoming glabrous; 
cones 2.5——3.7 cm. long. C. E. 
L. occidentalis Nutt. (Western Larch) 
