Pinaceae 27 
CHAMAECYPARIS 
Trees. Leaves minute, opposite, 4-ranked, scale-like or those of older twigs subu- 
late. Cones or aments small, monoicous, terminal. Staminate cones of numerous 4-ranked 
scales with 2 pollen-sacs each. Pistillate cones closed until mature; scales opposite, 10 
or more, peltate, thick, each with a central point or knob. Seeds 25. (Gk. chamai= 
on the ground, kuparissos—cypress; hence low cypress. ) 
A. Leafy twigs terete or nearly so; bark 2 cm. or less thick; leaves usually without 
glands. W. C. C. nootkatensis Spach (Alaska Cedar) 
AA. Leafy twigs much flattened; bark 25 cm. or less thick: leaves conspicuously glandu- 
lar Ul C. lawsoniana Murr. (Port Orford Cedar) 
SEQUOIA 
Trees. Flowers monoicous. Staminate cones small, involucrate with scale-like 
leaves; anthers 35 under each subpeltate scale; pollen not winged. Cones oval, matur- 
ing the second year; scales at right angles to the cone-axis, thick. Ovules erect but 
seeds inverted. Seeds 3—7. (Honor of Sequoyah—George Guess, the inventor of the 
Cherokee alphabet.) U. S. sempervirens Endl. (Redwood) 
ABIES FIR 
Trees. Leaves linear, often complanate, scattered, flat. Staminate cones axillary, 
oval ar oblong-cylindric. Mature pistillate cones ovoid or oblong-cylindric, erect; scales 
incurved at their wide apex, orbicular or wider, deciduous. Seeds 2. (Latin name.) 
A. Most of the leaves of the sterile branches notched at apex. 
B. Bracts conspicuous, reflexed, much exceeding the scales: leaves slightly notched 
at apex, with stomates on both sides, not markedly complanate; winter buds ovoid- 
oblong; sap-wood darker than heart-wood. W. C. 
A. nobilis Lindl. (Noble Fir) 
BB. Bracts not projecting beyond the scales; leaves distinctly notched at apex, with 
stomates beneath only, markedly complanate; winter buds globose; sap-wood lighter 
in color than heart-wood. W. C. E. 
A. grandis Lindl. (White Fir) 
AA. Most of the leaves of the sterile branches not notched at the apex. 
C. Leaves of sterile branches flat, often grooved above; cones 6.2—15 cm. long; 
cone-scales narrower than 2.5 cm. 
D. Leaves dark-green and shining above, 1.9——3.1 cm. long; cones dark- 
purple; cone-scales slightly wider than long; bracts of cone-scales rhombic or 
oblong-ovate, gradually narrowed into a long tip; bark of old trees 6.2 cm. 
or less thick. W. C. A. amabilis Forbes (Lovely Fir) 
DD.Leaves pale blue-green, 2.54.4 cm. long; cones dark-purple; cone-scales 
longer than wide; bracts of cone-scales rounded, with emarginate and long- 
pointed tip; bark of old trees 3.7 cm. or less thick. W. C. E. 
A. lasiocarpa Nutt. (Alpine Fir) 
DDD. Leaves pale blue-green, 5—-7.5 cm. long on vigorous sterile branches, 
while on others sometimes only 1.9 cm. long; cones purple or green or yel- 
low; cone-scales much wider than long; bracts of cone-scales obovate, with 
short tip at apex; bark of old trees 15 cm. or less thick. U. C. E. (A. 
lowiana. ) A. concolor Parry (Silver Fir) 
CC. Leaves of sterile branches 4-sided, not grooved above; cones 15-23 cm. 
3 long; cone-scales 2.5—-3.7 cm. wide. 
E. Bracts not projecting beyond the cone-scales, acute to acuminate. U. C. 
A. magnifica Murr. (Shasta Fir) 
