26 Pinaceae 
HH. Leaves flat, never notched at apex; leaf-scars transversely oval; ma- 
ture cone pendulous; scales persistent to the cone-axis; bracts longer than 
the scales. PsEUDOTSUGA (p. 28) 
GG. Branchlets roughened by persistent leaf-bases; bracts shorter than the 
cone-scales; cones pedulous ; cone-scales persistent on the axis. 
I. Leaves if flat with stomates below, with | dorsal resin duct; cone-scales 
entire,rounded. Tsuca (p. 28) 
II. Leaves if flat with stomates above, with 2 lateral resin ducts or none; 
cone-scales not entire, or if so not rounded. PICEA (p. 28) 
FF. Leaves in bunches of 2 or more. 
J. Leaves in bunches of more than 5, deciduous, bunches not sheathed at 
base; cones solitary; pistillate cones maturing at the end of the first season. 
LaRIX (p. 28) 
JJ. Leaves in bunches of 2—5, evergreen, bunches sheathed at base; stam- 
inate cones clustered; pistillate cones maturing at the end of the second or 
third season. PINus (p. 29) 
JUNIPERUS JUNIPER 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen, sessile, awl-like or scale-like, opposite or in 
whorls of 3. Flower bunches and berries small. Staminate flower-bunch oblong or 
ovoid. Anther cells 2—6. Fruit a bluish berry, globose; scales few, opposite or in 
whorls of 3. Seeds 1—4, wingless, bony. (Celtic name.) 
A. Leaves in whorls of 3, all awl-shaped; buds scaly; cones axillary; pistillate cones 
with smaller scales at the tip; alpine shrub, prostrate, | m. or less tall. W.C.E. (J. 
communis sibirica; J. nana; J. sibirica.) 
J. communis L. (Dwarf Juniper) 
AA. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3; often awl-shaped on young plants, but scale- 
like on mature plants; buds naked; cones terminal on short axillary branches; pistillate 
cones with larger scales at the tip; not alpine, erect, shrub or tree, 15 m. or less 
tall. 
2 Leaves very resinous, dark green. E. 
J. occidentalis Hook. (Western Juniper) 
BB. Leaves not resinous, often glaucous. W. E. 
J. scopulorum Sarg. (Rocky Mountain Juniper) 
LIBOCEDRUS 
Trees, evergreen; bark scaly. Leaves 4 in a-whorl, scale-like. Cones monoicous, 
‘ solitary, terminal, the 2. sexes on different branchlets. Staminate cones of 12—-16 4- - 
ranked scales with 4 pollen-sacs each. Pistillate cones cblong, maturing in one season; 
cone-scales 6, not peltate, only 2 fertile, middle pair 2—2!/) times as long as lower 
pair, upper pair resembling a sort of cone-axis. Seeds 2. (Gk. leibo—to pour out, 
kedros—cedar; probably on account of the strong cedar-like odor.) U. C. 
L. decurrens Torr. (Incense Cedar) 
THUJA. ARBOR-VITAE 
Shrubs or trees (ours). Leaves small or minute, scale-like, appressed, imbricate, 
opposite, 4-ranked, those of short branchlets mostly obtuse, those of the most vigorous 
branchlets mostly acute or acuminate. Cones or aments monoicous, both kinds 
terminal. Staminate cone-scales opposite; pollen-sacs 2—4, globose. Pistillate cones 
mostly spreading or recurved, opening when mature; scales 10 or more, coriaceous, op- 
posite, 4 fertile. Seeds 2—5. (Gk. thuia—name of similar tree.) W. C. E. 
T. plicata Don. (Giant Cedar) 
