Family Key 17 
TT. Stipules none; plant not glandular; leaves lanceolate to spatulate. 
LINACEAE (p. 244) 
GROUP 12—Apetalous or polypetalous dicotyledonous herbs with opposite simple 
leaves and inferior ovary 
A. Flowers in heads; heads subtended by a white involucre; involucre bracts 4—6, 
6—17 mm. long; fruit a red berry. Cornus in CORNACEAE (p. 290) 
AA. Either flowers not in heads or else involucre not white when present; fruit not a 
berry, not red. 
B. Flowers in umbels or heads. UMBELLACEAE (p. 271) 
BB. Flowers neither in umbels nor heads. 
C. Flowers in terminal or axillary involucrate clusters. 
NYCTAGINACEAE (p. 146) 
CC. Flowers either not in clusters or the clusters without involucre. 
D. Leaves entire. 
E. Leaves ovate to reniform, all basal, with 3—-7 large veins from the 
base; marsh plants. Parnassia in SAXIFRAGACEAE (p. 195) 
EE. Leaves narrower, not all basal, with only | large vein from the base; 
habitat various. 
F. Stem 4—5-angled; leaves linear to linear-oblong; calyx tube less than 
1 cm. long. LYTHRACEAE (p. 259) 
FF. Stem terete; either the leaves wider than in F or the calyx tube more 
than | cm. long. ONAGRACEAE (p. 260) 
DD. Leaves not entire. 
G. Leaves roundish, abruptly cuneate at base, crenate above; petals none; 
stems repeatedly forked; flowers mostly solitary in the upper forks of the 
stem. Chrysosplenium in SAXIFRAGACEAE (p. 195) 
GG. Leaves not fitting the above; petals 2—-4; stem simple or pinnately 
branched; flowers in panicles or racemes. ONAGRACEAE (p. 260) 
GROUP 13—Dicotyledonous herbs with opposite simple leaves and sympetalous corolla 
A. Ovary superior or mainly so. 
B. Corolla regular or nearly so. 
C. Leaves markedly thick and fleshy; stamens more numerous than the lobes of 
the corolla; pistils several, simple. CRASSULACEAE (p. 193) 
CC. Leaves not markedly thick and fleshy; stamens as many as the lobes of the 
corolla or fewer; pistil | and compound (except possibly in BORAGINACEAE). 
D. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, forming 4 separate or separable nutlets. 
BORAGINACEAE (p. 321) 
DD. Ovary deeply 2-lobed, separating or separable into 2 fleshy or dry fruits. 
RUBIACEAE (p. 363) 
DDD. Ovary not deeply lobed, neither separating nor separable into nutlets. 
E. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous; flowers terminal, solitary or in a raceme or 
cyme or umbel; ovary and capsule 4—5-celled. _PYROLACEAE (p. 291) 
EE. Leaves mostly not evergreen, not coriaceous; flowers not terminal when 
the leaves are evergreen. 
F. Style 1; stigmas 3; capsule 3-celled. POLEMONIACEAE (p. 311) 
FF. Styles 1—2; stigmas as many as the styles; capsule ]—2-celled. 
G. Leaves entire. 
H. Stamens often fewer than the corolla-lobes; ovary either 2-celled 
or else |-celled with parietal placentae. 
SCROPHULARIACEAE (p. 341) 
