10 Family Key 
the corolla-lobes, antherless stamen |; fruit dry; plant not 
creeping. SCROPHULARIACEAE (p. 341) 
- PP. Petals distinct; leaves entire or serrulate or spinose-toothed. 
S. Twigs conspicuously 4-angled. 
T. Leaves entire, evergreen, obtuse or acutish. 
Garrva in CORNACEAE (p. 290) 
TT. Leaves serrulate, deciduous, acuminate. 
Euonymus in CELASTRACEAE (p. 248) 
SS. Twigs not 4-angled. 
U. Leaves 3 cm. or more long, entire; stipules minute. 
CoRNACEAE (p. 290) 
UU. Leaves 3 cm. or less long, serrulate at least above the 
middle or spine-toothed or rarely quite entire; stipules 
either none or large and warty. 
V. Leaves serrulate above the middle, without conspicu- 
ous divergent parallel veins; flower-parts in 4’s; ovary 
2-celled. Pachistima in CELASTRACEAE (p. 248) 
VV. Leaves either entire or spine-toothed near the apex, 
with numerous conspicuous straight parallel veins di- 
verging from the mid-vein; flower parts in 5’s; ovary 
3-celled. Ceanothus in RHAMNACEAE (p. 250) 
GROUP 4—Trees with alternate leaves 
A. Leaves compound. SorsBus in MALACEAE (p. 221) 
AA. Leaves simple. 
B. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen. 
C. Bark conspicuously reddish, peeling off in great patches; leaves oval or ellip- 
tical, 7—15 cm. long; fruit a red berry. Arbutus in ERICACEAE (p. 294) 
CC. Bark not conspicuously reddish, not conspicuously peeling off; leaves various. 
D. Leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 12—-25 mm. wide, either entire or 
serrate near the tip. MyRICACEAE (p. 122) 
DD. Leaves not oblanceolate, often not as above in size or margin. 
FE. Leaves either cuneate-obovate, or else lanceolate and only 1—2.5 cm. 
long; fruit akenes, with hairy tails 5—15 cm. long. 
Cercocarpus in ROSACEAE (p. 206) 
EE. Leaves not cuneate-obovate, not lanceolate unless more than 2.5 cm. 
long; fruit not akenes, not tailed. 
F. Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous on both sides, not scurfy; 
fruit a drupe about 2 cm. long. LAURACEAE (p. 173) 
FF. Leaves either not lanceolate or scurfy beneath if so; fruit dry, a nut 
(acorn) in a cup, or else several nuts in a long-prickly involucral cover. 
FAGACEAE (p. 124) 
BB. Leaves mostly herbaceous, deciduous. 
G. Bark plainly splitting around the trunk rather than longitudinally. 
H. Flowers in aments or cone-like clusters, sessile; fruits grouped into a dry 
cone-like mass; terminal winter buds none. BETULACEAE (p. 122) 
HH. Flowers in racemes or umbels, pedicelled; fruits separate, fleshy, drupes; 
terminal winter buds present. AMYGDALACEAE (p. 223) 
GG. Bark splitting longitudinally. 
I. Staminate flowers in aments and sometimes the pistillate flowers also. 
J. Fruit an aggregate berry, blackberry-like. 
Morus in MoRACEAE (p. 126) 
JJ. Fruit dry, nut-like or cone-like. 
