96 Melanthaceae 
Capsule septicidal, beaked by 3 persistent styles. In mountain marshes. (Honor of a 
Mr. Tofield, a little-known English botanist. ) 
A.  Involucre-bracts united 2/3 or more of the distance to the apex; perianth-segments 
2—4 mm. long; capsule widest below the middle. W.C. E. (7. glutinosa.) 
T. intermedia Rydb. 
AA.  Involucre-bracts united 1% or less of the distance to the apex; perianth-segments 
about 6 mm. long; capsule widest above the middle. C. 
T. occidentalis Wats. 
NARTHECIUM (Abama) BOG ASPHODEL 
Stem simple; rootstocks creeping or horizontal. Leaves grass-like, linear. Flowers 
small, perfect, in a terminal bracted raceme; pedicels bracteolate near the middle. Peri- 
anth-segments persistent, linear-lanceolate, yellow. Stamens hypogynous; anthers in- 
trorse. Ovary sessile, linear-oblong; style none; stigma |, 3-lobed. Capsule loculicidal. 
Seeds numerous, small, linear, with long bristle-like tail at each end. (An anagram of 
Anthericum, from Gr. antherikos=the supposed name of the Asphodel.) U. 
N. californicum Bak. 
XEROPHYLLUM BEAR-GRASS 
Stems simple, leafy; rootstocks short, woody. Leaves linear, serrulate, persistent. 
Inflorescence a raceme, terminal. Flowers many, small, white, perfect. Perianth-seg- 
ments several-veined, persistent. Anthers extrorse. Ovary sessile, ovate, 3-lobed, its cells 
2—4-ovuled; styles 3, distinct. Capsule loculicidal, sometimes also septicidal. Seed 
somewhat triangular-flattened, longitudinally wrinkled. In mountain meadows. (Gk. 
xeros—dry, phyllon—leaf.) W.C. E. (X. douglasii.) 
xe tenag Nutt. 
STENANTHIUM 
Glabrous; stems leafy, from coated bulbs. Leaves narrowly linear, keeled. Flow- 
ers polygamous, in a terminal bracted panicle or raceme. Perianth-segments narrowly 
lanceolate, acuminate, glandless, greenish or white or brownish-purple (ours), spreading, 
persistent, adhering to the base of the ovary. Stamens shorter than the perianth, on its 
base. Ovary practically superior; styles 3, distinct. Capsule ovoid-oblong, 3-lobed, - 
septicidal; the lobes with short divergent beaks. Seeds about 4 in each compartment. 
(Gk. stenos==narrow, anthosflower; referring to the narrow perianth-segments.) W. C. 
(Stenanthella occidentalis. ) S. occidentalis Gray 
ZYGADENUS 
Stems leafy, from coated bulbs. Leaves linear. Flowers rather small, white or 
yellowish, perfect or polygamous, in a terminal glabrous panicle or raceme. Perianth- 
segments similar, with |—2 glands just above the narrowed base. Stamens free. Styles 
3, distinct. Capsule 3-lobed, the compartments not diverging. Seeds several or numerous 
in each compartment. (Gk. zygos—=a yoke, adenos==a gland; because some species have 
2 glands on each perianth-segment. ) 
A. Perianth-segments 8—14 mm. long. 
B. Gland not obcordate; perianth-segments |0—14 mm. long; leaves 12—24 mm. 
wide. U. Z. dougilasii Terr. 
