Liliaceae 97 
BB. Glands obcordate; perianth-segments 8—10 mm. long; leaves 4—12 mm. 
wide. W. E. Z. elegans Pursh 
AA.  Ferianth-segments 2—8 mm. long. 
C. Stem-leaves not sheathing; racemes usually simple; perianth-segments 4—-8 mm. 
long; capsule 8—12 mm. long. W.C.E. (Z. intermedius; Z. gramineus. ) 
Z. venenosus Wats. (Death Camas) 
CC. Stem-leaves usually sheathing; racemes usually panicled; perianth-segments 
2—4 mm. long; capsule 12—24 mm. long. W. C. E. 
Z. paniculatus Wats. 
VERATRUM FALSE HELLEBORE 
Tail. Leaves wide, strongly veined, plicate. Flowers in a terminal pubescent 
panicle, rather large, the lower mostly staminate only. Perianth-segments similar. Sta- 
mens free. Ovary sessile; styles 3, distinct. Capsules membranous, 3-beaked by the 
persistent diverging styles, septicidal. Seeds several in each compartment, flat, mar- 
gined or winged. (L. vere=true, ater—black; referring to the root.) 
A. Flowers green; panicle drooping; perianth-segments 8—15 mm. long. W. C. E. 
V. viride Ait. (Green Hellebore) 
AA. _ Flowers white; panicle erect; perianth-segments 15—-20 mm. long. W. C. E. 
(V. caudatum. ) V. californicum Dur. (White Hellebore) 
LILIACEAE Lily Family 
Herbs (ours), perennial, with bulbs or corms or rarely with a rhizome; stems sca- 
pose or leafy, mostly simple, sometimes woody. Leaves various. Flowers perfect, reg- 
ular, mostly conspicuous. Perianth-segments 6, distinct or united, mostly alike in 
color and form (not in Calochortus). Stamens 6, or 3 of these replaced by staminodia, 
on the perianth or the receptacle. Styles none (Calochortus), or united partly or wholly. 
Stigmas either 3, or else | and entire or 3-lobed. Ovary 3-celled, superior (ours) or 
partly inferior. Fruit a capsule, mostly loculicidal (septicidal in Calochortus), or fleshy 
and indehiscent (not in ours). 
A. Perianth-segments plainly united; inflorescence with scarious bracts; leaves linear. 
B. Plants with rhizomes; perianth salverform, white, tube very narrow, segments 
several-veined; pedicels not jointed; anthers circinate when dry. 
LEUCOCRINUM (p. 99) 
BB. Plants with coated bulbs; perianth not salverform, mostly‘ not white, segments 
l-veined; pedicels jointed; anthers not circinate. 
C.  Perianth funnelform, not saccate at base, various in color. HOOKERA (p. 101) 
CC. Perianth broadly tubular, 6-saccate at base, deep-scarlet with yellowish 
lobes. BREVooRTIA (p. 102) 
AA.  Perianth-segments distinct, or slightly united at base (some species of Allium) ; 
leaves various; plants from scaly or solid bulbs. 
D. Odor onion-like; flowers in a terminal umbel, on a scapose stem; inflorescence 
subtended by a whorl of 2—5 scarious bracts which are distinct or united. 
ALLIUM (p. 99) 
DD. Odor none or not onion-like; flowers not in umbels, or if so stems not scapose; 
inflorescence not subtended by a whorl of scarious bracts. 
E. Inflorescence distinctly a raceme or panicle, with scarious bracts; pedicels 
jointed; anthers versatile. 
F. Stem simple; inflorescence a raceme; perianth-segments 3—7-veined, | 7—30 
CaMASSIA (p. 105) 
mm. long. 
