106 Convallariaceae 
apex, its base persistent. Capsule 3-lobed and 3-angled, 3-valved. Seeds several in each 
cell, black. (The Indian name was Camass or Quamash. ) 
A. Perianth irregular, its segments 3—-5-veined; leaves 6—16 mm. wide; bracts 
of the inflorescerice subulate. W.E. (C. azurea; Q. quamash; C. esculenta for our 
region. ) C. guamash Gr. 
AA.  Perianth regular. 
B. Leaves 12 mm. or less wide. 
C. Bracts of the inflorescence lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. 
D. Flowers blue or white; perianth-segments usually 7-veined; capsule conspic- 
uously veined. W.C. (Q. leichilinii.) 
C. leichtlinii Wats. 
DD. Flowers blue; perianth-segments usually 5-veined; capsules not con- 
spicuously veined. E. (Q. sulsdorfit.) 
C. suksdorfii Greenm. 
CC. Bracts of the inflorescence filiform-subulate. U. 
C. howellii Wats. 
BB. Leaves 13-37 mm. wide; perianth-segments 3—5-veined. E. 
C. cusickii Wats. 
CONVALLARIACEAE _sLily-of-the-Valley Family 
Herbs, erect, perennial, with rhizomes, never with bulbs nor corms; tendrils none. 
Leaves either wide or scale-like, simple, alternate or whorled or basal; wide leaves par- 
allel-veined or with chief veins from the base, sometimes reticulate with cross-veinlets; 
scale-leaves minute; axillary branches filiform, or flattened and leaf-like. Flowers regu- 
lar, perfect, solitary or axillary or in | or more racemes or panicles or umbels. Perianth- 
segments 6 cr rarely 4, distinct or partly united; tube oblong to urn-shaped, 6-lobed 
or 6-tcothed. Stamens 4 or 6, hypogynous or on the perianth. Ovary |1—3-celled, 
supcrior; stvles | or 3; stigma 2—3-lobed or entire. Fruit a fleshy berry or rarely a 
capsule. Seeds, few to many. 
A. Leaves minute, scale-like; stem much branched; ultimate branchlets thread-like. 
ASPARAGUS (p. 107) 
AA. Leaves large, foliaceous, wide; stems simple or sparingly branched; branchlets 
not thread-like. 
B. Leaves not 3, or if so not in a whorl on the stem; flowers either more than | or 
not terminal (except Clintonia) ; none of the perianth-segments dark-green. 
C. Perianth-segments alike; fruit a berry; leaves more than 2 (except Unifo- 
lium) ; stem plainly above ground (except Clintonia.) 
D. Leaves all basal, gradually narrowed to a petiole; leaf-blade widest above 
the middle. CLINTONIA (p. 107) 
DD. Leaves alternate and scattered along an elongated stem, or only 1, 
either without petiole or abruptly petioled; leaf-blade widest below the mid- 
dle. 
E. Leaves 1—3, with slender petiole; perianth-segments 4; stamens 4; ovary 
2-celled; stem simple. UNIFOLIUM (p. 108) 
EE. Leaves more than 3, sessile or very nearly so; perianth-segments 6; sta- 
mens 6; ovary 3-celled. 
F. Flowers many, in a terminal raceme or panicle; stem simple; leaves 
not oblique at base; berry 1—3-seeded. VAGNERA (p. 107) 
FF. Flowers few, in a terminal umbel; stem branched; leaves somewhat 
oblique at base; berry 3- to many-seeded. DisPORUM (p. 108) 
