112 Orchidaceae - p 
closing membranous scales; pedicels often long-exserted; perianth-segments yellow, with 
yes oy stripes of orange or black or brown, obtuse or acute but not aristulate nor emar- 
ginate, usually narrow. Filaments somewhat adherent near base, somewhat spreading 
above; anthers narrowly linear, versatile. Style-branches slender, divergent. Capsule 
oblong to globose or pyriform, more or less 3-angled. Seeds rounded, pitted. (Gk. 
hydor—water, stylos=a column; why?) 
A. Perianth 8—10 mm. long; leaves 1—3 mm. wide, mostly very dark in drying; 
anthers 2—2.5 mm. long. W. (Partly Sisyrinchium californicum for our region.) 
H. borealis Bick. 
AA.  Perianth 12—18 mm. long; leaves 2—-5 mm. wide, mostly not very dark in dry- 
ing; anthers 3—4 mm. long. W. (Partly Sisyrinchium californicum for our re- 
gion. ) H. brachypus Bick. 
OLSYNIUM PURPLE STAR-GRASS 
Glabrous, bright-green. Stem scapose, compressed but not margined. Leaves 
linear. Spathe-bracts 2, very unequal, scarious-margined, the outer the longer. Flowers 
1 —4, large, white to bright purplish-red, in an umbel when more than |. Filaments wide 
at base, much shorter than the style. Style 3-cleft. Capsule subglobose. (Origin?) 
W. E.  (Sisyrinchium grandiflorum.) 
0. grandiflorum Raf. 
ORCHIDACEAE Orchid Family 
Herbs, perennial; stems leafy or scapose or none. Leaves parallel-veined, flat. 
Flowers in a spike or a raceme or solitary, very irregular. Perianth superior, of 6 seg- 
ments; outer-segments 3, alike or nearly so; 2 of the inner segments alike; the third 
inner segment (lip) unlike the other 2, often quite different, usually larger. Stamens 
adherent to the style forming a symmetrical column, anther opposite the lower sepal usually 
perfect, 2 anthers lateral to this one rudimentary (in Cypripedium the lateral ones perfect 
and the other sterile) ; anthers 2-celled; pollen often in |—4 masses, rarely wholly granu- 
lar. Ovary inferior; stigma oblique, concave, mostly viscous, the upper margin often pro- 
duced into an erect beak. Capsule coriaceous or membranous, dehiscent usually by 3 
valves, loculicidal when 3-celled. Seeds very numerous, minute, mostly spindle-shaped. 
A. Plants without green herbage, often reddish, saprophytic or parasitic. 
B. Stems white; flowers white, spurless. CEPHALANTHERA (p. 115) 
BB. Stems more or less purplish; flowers white or reddish, spurred. 
CORALLORHIZA (p. 116) 
AA. Plants with ordinary green herbage, not saprophytic nor parasitic. 
C. Leaf 1; flower 1; plant bulbous. CaALypso (p. 117) 
CC. Leaf more than |; flower usually more than |; plants mostly not bulbous. 
D. Fertile anthers 2; lip an inflated sac. CYPRIPEDIUM (p. 113) 
DD. Fertile anther |; lip not sac-like (except Epipactis). 
E. Leaves 2. 
F. Leaves near middle of stem, opposite. LIsTERA (p. 115) 
FF. Leaves basal, alternate. 
G. Leaves orbicular; flowers spurred; lip 12 mm. long. Lysias (p. 114) 
GG. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oblong; flowers spurless; lip 5 mm. 
long, yellowish-green. LipaRis (p. 116) 
EE. Leaves more than 2. 
