Orchidaceae hS 
CEPHALANTHERA 
Rhizomes creeping; stem usually leafy (not in ours). Leaves none (ours) or flat. 
Flowers medium-sized, in a spike; spike terminal, bracted. Sepals and petals nearly 
equal. Petals somewhat united and galeate; lip free, concave, contracted and some- 
what jointed in the middle. Column slender, elongated; anther with short filament so as 
to be nearly or quite above the level of the top of the stigmas; pollen-masses not connected 
nor attached to a gland. Stigma wholly beakless. (Gk. cephaln—a head, anthera— 
anther.) C.E. (C. oregana.) C. austinae Hel. (Snow Orchid) 
EPIPACTIS 
Rhizome horizontal, creeping, somewhat fleshy; roots thick-fibrous; stem leafy. 
Leaves dark-green or reticulately white-veined. Flowers white, in a raceme; raceme ter- 
minal, scapose, glandular-downy. Lip saccate, sessile, entire, without protuberances at 
base; tip straight or recurved. Upper sepal and the petals united into a hood over the 
lip. Anthers on the back of the short column; pollen-masses 2, the narrow gland ta 
which they are attached held between the forked or 2-toothed beak which terminates the 
column. W.E. (The Greek name.) 
E. gigantea, Dougl. (Helleborine) 
PERAMIUM (Goodyeara) RATTLE-SNAKE PLANTAIN 
Rhizome horizontal, creeping, fleshy; roots thick-fibrous. Leaves all basal, thickish, 
petioled, white-reticulate. Scapes 1—4 dm. high. Flowers in a bracted spike. Lip 
saccate, entire, without protuberances at base, free from the column. Lateral sepals free; 
upper sepals and petals united into a hood over the lip. (L. per—thru, amium—love; 
on account of reputed medicinal properties.) W.C.E.  (Epipactis decipiens; P. men- 
stesii. ) ’ P. decipiens Pip. 
SPIRANTHES (Ibidium, Gyrostachys) LADIES’ TRESSES 
Erect; roots Heshy-fibrous or tuberous. Stem leafy. Flowers small, spurless, in 
a spike; spike terminal, more or less twisted. Perianth gaping, oblique on the ovary. 
Lateral sepals somewhat decurrent, the upper ones and the petals coherent. Lip sessile 
or nearly so; base embracing and adhering to the column, with a callous swelling at each 
side; summit dilated, spreading, undulate, usually entire. Column very short, oblique, 
terminating in a very short erect stipe, bearing the ovate stigma on the face; beak usually 
acuminate and at length bifid by the separation of the oblong and viscid glands. Anthers 
sessile or nearly so, behind and at the base of the stipe, mostly acuminate; pollen-masses 2, 
thin and powdery, becoming attached above the gland. In wet places. (Gk. spelra—=a 
coil, anthos=a flower; referring to the spirally twisted racemes.) 
A. Perianth about 8 mm. long; lip much dilated at apex, basal swellings small. W. C. 
Eo (G. stricta.) S. romanzoffiana Cham. 
AA.  Perianth about 6 mm. long; lip little dilated at apex, basal swellings large. W. 
(ong oe S. porrifolia Lindl. 
LISTERA. (Ophrys) TWAY-BLADE 
Small; roots fibrous or sometimes fleshy; stem with a few scales at base. Leaves 2, 
nearly oposite, sessile, near the middle of the stem. Flowers in a terminal raceme, spur- 
less, greenish or madder-purple. Sepals and petals nearly alike, spreading or reflexed, 
