126 Ulmaceae 
E. Shrubs or trees, 45 m. high or less; notches of the leaf-blades rounded. We 
(Q. jacobi.) Q. garryana Doug. (White Oak) 
EE. Shrubs, 2 m. high or less; notches of the leaf-blades mostly acute. W. C. 
Q. oerstediana R. Br. (Scrub Oak ) 3 
ULMACEAE Elm Family 
Shrubs or trees: Leaves alternate, pinnately veined but often with 3—5 chief veins 
from the base, simple, serrate (ours) or entire, often unequal at base (so in ours) ; stipules 
usually fugacious (so in ours). Flowers in lateral or axillary clusters, or the pistillate 
flowers solitary, small, monoicous or dioicous or polygamous or perfect. Perianth 3—9- 
parted or of 3—9 distinct segments. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments and 
opposite them. Ovary I-celled, rarely 2-celled, superior; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit 
a samara or drupe or nut. Seed 1. 
A. All flowers in clusters; fruit dry, winged, leaves with | vein from the base. 
ULmus (p. 126) 
AA.  Pistillate flowers solitary; fruit a drupe; leaves with 3 chief veins from the base. 
CELTIS (p. 126) 
ULMUS ELM 
Trees. Leaves with strong straight veins from the mid-vein, with only | vein from 
the base, base somewhat heart-shaped; petiole short. Flowers purplish or yellowish, in 
lateral clusters, appearing before the leaves. Perianth campanulate, 4—9-cleft. Sta- 
mens 4—9. Pistil 1; ovary 1—2-celled; styles short. Fruit a samara. Seed 1. Cul- 
tivated. (The Latin name.) W. E. 
U. americana L. 
CELTIS HACKBERRY 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves serrate (ours) or entire, or in some species 3——5-veined 
from the base (so in ours). Flowers monoicous or dioicous (not ours) or polygamous. 
Staminate flowers in ‘clusters; pistillate flowers solitary or 2—3 together; both kinds of 
clusters axillary. Perianth 4—~6-parted, or of 4—6 separate segments. Stigmas re- 
curved or divergent, tomentose or plumose. Fruit a drupe, ovoid or globose. Seed-coat 
membranous. (The Latin name of an African Lotus on account of resemblances in 
fruit.) EE. (Cs occidentalis and C. reticulata for our region.) 
C. douglasii Planch. 
MORACEAE Mulberry Family 
Herbs or shrubs or trees; juice milky or watery. Leaves alternate or opposite, pet- 
ioled; stipules present. Flowers monoicous or dioicous; staminate flowers in panicles 
or spikes; pistillate flowers in spikes or head or cymes, sometimes flowers solitary; both 
kinds of clusters axillary. Perianth 4—-5-parted. Stamens as many as the perianth- 
segments. Ovary superior, |-celled (ours); styles |—2. Fruit various, in ours either 
cone-like or blackberry-like. Seed |. 
A. Shrubs or trees; sap milky; leaves alternate; stipules fugacious; fruit a berry. é 
Morus (p. 127) 
AA. Twining herbs; sap watery; leaves opposite; stipules persistent; fruit cone-like. 
HuMuLus (p. 127) 
