140 Chenopodiaceae 
Subgenus TINIARIA (Binp-wEED)—Herbs, annual or perennial, with fibrous 
roots, mostly climbing or twining. Leaves cordate to sagittate. Flowers in loose panicles 
or racemes, or in terminal or axillary clusters. Perianth green, with colored margins, 
5-parted or rarely 4-parted, enlarged or keeled in fruit. Stamens mostly 8. Styles or 
stigmas 3. Akene 3-angled. 
A. Annual; stems somewhat rough; outer perianth-segments narrowly winged or not 
at all; akene minutely roughened, dull. W. E. 
P. convolvulus L. (Black Bind-weed) 
AA. Perennial; stems smooth; outer perianth-segments broadly winged; akene smooth, 
shining. W.E. (P. dumetorum scandens; P. dumetorum for our region.) 
P. scandens L. (False Buckwheat) 
FAGOPYRUM BUCKWHEAT 
Herbs, annual (ours) or perennial, rather fleshy, usually glabrous, leafy. Stems 
erect, simple or branched, striate or grooved. Leaves alternate, petioled, hastate or del- 
toid; sheaths oblique or cylindric or funnelform. Flowers small, white or green, perfect, 
in clusters of | to several from small sheaths; clusters grouped in racemes or panicles, 
these terminal or axillary; pedicels slender. Perianth about equally 5-parted, persistent 
and unchanged in fruit; segments petal-like, shorter than the akene in fruit. Stamens 8, 
included; filaments filiform, glabrous. Style 3-parted; stigmas capitate. Fruit 3-angled. 
Persisting after cultivation. (Gk. phagos—edible, the beech, pyros=wheat; the seed 
resembles a beech-nuit.) W.  F. esculentum Moensch (Buckwheat) 
CHENOPODIACEAE Goosefoot Family 
Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial, offen mealy. Stems terete or striate or angu- 
lar. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, entire or toothed or lobed, mostly petioled, 
sometimes mere scales or ridges (Salicornia) ; stipules none. Flowers commonly in pan- 
icled spikes, perfect or polygamous or monoicous or dioicous, usually small, green or 
ihe 
lobed or -parted or quite distinct or rarely of only | segment, sometimes none in pistillate 

greenish, regular or nearly so; bracts none or green or fleshy. Perianth persistent, 2 
flowers; segments alike. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or fewer, opposite 
them; filaments slender. Ovary mostly superior, |-celled; styles 1—-3; stigmas capitate 
or 2—3-lobed or -divided. Fruit a utricle. Seed 1. 
A. Leaves not reduced to scales, alternate in nearly all; branches not conspicuously 
opposite; stems not conspicuously jointed, not very fleshy. 
B. Leaves opposite. 
C. Plants perennial, herbs, not shrubby; flowers perfect; perianth of 5—-7 seg- 
ments. NITROPHILA (p. 141) 
CC. Plants either annual herbs or shrubby perennials; flowers imperfect; perianth | 
none or 2—5-parted. ATRIPLEX (p. 142) 
BB. Leaves alternate. 
D. Herbs, sometimes shrubby at base; leaves entire or not; flowers perfect in 
most; fertile flowers with perianth in most. 
E. Leaves not linear; perianth-segment |; stamen 1. MONOLEPIS (p. 142) 
EE.  Ejither leaves linear, or perianth-segments and stamens 2 or more. 
F. Flowers monoicous or dioicous; fertile flowers without perianth; leaves 
not linear in most. ATRIPLEX (p. 143) 

