156 Carvophyllaceae 
BB. Plant 2—5 dm. high, erect; stems few-flowered; petals included or beans so. 
Wook. L. drummondii Wats. (Drummond Pink) 
SAPONARIA S04 PWORT 
Annual or perennial, glabrous, diffuse or erect. Leaves mostly wide (so in ours). 
Flowers white or pink or red. Calyx ovoid to tubular, 5-toothed. Petals entire or 
emarginate, long-clawed. Stamens 10. Ovary 1I-celled or incompletely 2-celled; styles 
2. Capsule ovoid or oblong, opening by 4 valves which appear as apical teeth. (L. 
sapo—soap; the mucilaginous juice lathers with water.) 
A. Annual, dichotomously branched; calyx sharply 5-angled, |—15 mm. long, oo 
or ovate. W.E. (Vaccaria vaccaria.) 
S. vaccaria L. (Cow Herb) 
AA. Perennial, not dichotomously branched; calyx terete, 16—21I mm. long, tubular. 
Es S. officinalis L. 
STELLARIA (Alsine) CHICK WEED 
Annual, tufted, generally diffuse, low, spreading. Flowers either solitary in the 
leaf-axils or else in cymes. Sepals 4—5. Petals rarely none, emarginate or 2-cleft or 
2-parted, white (ours). Stamens 10 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary l-celled; styles 
usually 3, rarely 4—5, usually opposite the sepals. Capsule globose or ovoid or ob- 
long, opening by twice as many valves as there are styles. Seed several or many. 
(L. stella—a star; referring to the star-shaped flowers.) 
A. Lower leaves petiolate. 
B. Pubescence of stem scattered; styles 5; petals always present. W. 
S. aquatica Scop. (Water Chickweed) 
BB.  Pubescehce of stem a line of hairs; styles 34; petals always present. W. E. 
S. media Cyr. (Common Chickweed) 
BBB.  Pubescence of stem none except at base; styles 3—4; petals sometimes none. 
Wie Cok, S. nitens Nutt. (Shining Chickweed) 
AA. Leaves all sessile or nearly so. ; 
C. Petals bifid to the middle or less, always present. 
D. Stem smooth except for a puberulent line. E. 
S. oxyphylla Rob. 
DD. Stem glandular pubescent at least above. E. (A. jamesit.) 
S. jamesiana Torr. 
CC. Petals bifid nearly to the base. 
E. Inflorescence-bracts small, scarious. 
F. Petals equaling or exceeding the calyx, always present. 
G. Cymes few-flowered; pedicels erect. W. C. FE. (S. longipes laeta.) 
S. longipes Gold. 
GG. Cymes diffuse; pedicels spreading. 
H. Leaves lanceolate, widest near the base; seed rough under hand-lens. 
WE. S. graminea L. 
HH. Leaves linear, widest near the middle; seed smooth under hand-lens. 
W. E. S. longifolia Muhl. (Long-leaved Chickweed) 
FF. Petals none or much shorter than the calyx. 
I. Pedicels grouped in somewhat umbel-like clusters ; capsule 6—8 mm. long. 
- E. (A. baicalensis. ) 
S. umbellata Turez. (Umbel Chickweed) 
II. Pedicels scattered, not in somewhat umbel-like clusters; capsule 3——4 
mm. long. (See J.) 

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