Ranunculaceae 165 
or none, less showy than the stamens. Stamens many; filaments white, showy. Carpel 
1, sessile; stigma wide, 2-lobed, covering the carpel. Fruit a berry, red (ours) or 
white. Seeds many, smooth, flat. (From Gk. aktea—an old name for the Elder.) 
A. Leaf-teeth sharp, acuminate. W.C. E. (A. spicata arguta.) 
A, arguta Nutt. 
AA.  Leaf-teeth rounded or mucronate. E. 
A ruben Willd: 
CIMIFUGA. > BUGBANE 
Herbs, perennial, tall. Leaves ternately compound, large. Flowers small, white, 
in panicled racemes. Sepals 4—6, falling soon after the flower opens. Petals 08, 
small, with short claws. Stamens many. Follicles |—8. Seeds many. (L. cimex—= 
bu, fugere—to drive away; its odor drives insects away.) 
A. Petals none; staminodia 1—2 or more; follicles 1—3, not stalked. W. 
C. elate Nutt. 
AA. Ejther petals or staminodia present, |—5; follicles 3—-5 or more, stalked. C. 
C. laciniata Wats. 
AQUILEGIA. COLUMBINE 
Herbs, perennial, usually glaucous; stems mostly paniculately branched. Leaves 

|—3-ternate; leaflets roundish, obtusely lobed. Flowers terminal, showy. Sepals 5, 
petal-like. Petals 5, with short spreading lips which are produced backward into the 
long tubular spurs. Stamens many, outer long-exserted, inner merely thin scales. Fol- 
licles 5, sessile, pointed with the slender style. (L. aquila—an eagle; referring to the 
talon-like spurs of the flowers. ) 
A. Flowers red to yellow, pendulous when open; spurs 3.1 cm. or less long. 
B. Petal-blade from half to as long as the spur. 
C. Flowers containing both red and yellow. W. C. E. 
A. formosa, Fisch. 
CC. Flowers containing yellow only. E. (A. flavescens.) 
A. formosa, fiavescens (Wats. ) 
BB.  Petal-blade very short or none. W. 
A. truncate F. & M. 
AA. Flowers white to bluish, erect or ascending when open; spurs 3.7——7 cm. long. 
LE. Flowers almost white, slightly bluish. E. 
A. coerulea leptocera Nels. (White Columbine) 
DD. Flowers bluish, somewhat yellowish on lobes and spurs. E. 
A. oreophila Rydb. (Blue Columbine) 
DELPHINIUM LARK-SPUR 
Herbs, erect, annual or perennial. Leaves alternate, palmately-lobed or -cleft or 
-divided. Flowers showy, in racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, very irregular, usually 
colored and petal-like; upper sepal produced backward at base forming a spur. Petals 
2 or 4, small, very irregular; 2 upper petals produced backward and enclosed in the 
sepal-spur. Stamens many. Petals |1—5, sessile. Style persistent. Fruits of folli- 
cles. Seeds many. (Gk. delphin—a dolphin; from a slight resemblance of the flower.) 
A. Flowers white or green or blue. . 
B. Most of the pedicels shorter than the flowers and the frut. 

