Loasaceae 257 
Q. Petals 10—17 mm. long: plant not stoloniferous; stipules less than 
12 mm. long, W.E. (V. cognata. ) 
V. nephrophylla, Gr. 
QQ. Petals 19—25 mm. long: plant stoloniferous: stipules 122] 
mm. long. W. V. langsdorfii Fisch. 
LL. Plants with stems. 
R. Stipules or at least those of the basal leaves serrate or laciniate, scarious or 
herbaceous. 
S. Plant puberulent or glabrous: stipules herbaceous. 
T. Leaves usually brown-dotted at least beneath; none of the stipules 
entire. 
U. Plant usually 7—30 cm. high, glabrous; leaves 1.33.8 cm. long. 
W.C. E. (V. adunca oxyceras. ) 
V. adunca Sm. 
UU. Plant 3—5 cm. high, densely puberulent; leaves 1—2 cm. long. 
W.C. (V. puberula.) 
V. arenaria DC. (Sand Violet) 
TT. Leaves not dotted; stipules of the stem-leaves entire. W. 
V. howellij Gray : 
SS. Plant pubescent. 
V.  Pubescence retrorse: stipules herbaceous: flowers violet. Wire 
V. retroscabra Gr. 
VV. Pubescence not retrorse: stipules scarious: flowers white or somewhat 
yellowish, with purplish veins. U. 
V. ocellata T. & G. 
RR. Stipules all entire, scarious. 
W. Leaves rhombic ovate with cuneate bases except sometimes the basal. U. 
WW. Leaves cordate or reniform. 
V. cuneata Wats. 
X. Leaves cordate, acuminate. E. 
V. canadensis L. (Canada Violet) 
XX. Leaves reniform, obtuse. W. 
V. flettii Pip. 
LOASACEAE Stick-leaf Family 
Herbs, erect (ours) or climbing, branching, often with hooked or stinging or viscid 
hairs. Leaves alternate (ours) or opposite, pinnately veined, simple; stipules none. Flow- 
ers solitary or racemose or cymose, regular, perfect, white or yellow or reddish (not ours). 
Calyx 4—5-lobed (5 in ours), persistent. Petals 4 or 8, or (ours) 5 or 10, on the 
calyx. Stamens many, on the calyx, usually in clusters opposite the petals; outer filaments 
sometimes petal-like. Ovary inferior, |-celled (ours), rarely 2—3-celled; placenta 2—3, 
parietal; style filiform, entire or 2—3-lobed. Capsule usually 1-celled (so in ours), 
bearing the calyx-lobes. 
MENTZELIA STICK-LEAF 
Annual or biennial. Leaves mostly coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers mostly 
large, cymose or solitary, terminal. Calyx-tube cylindric to obconic. Petals 5 ro 10, 
spreading. Stamens 20—-300. Capsule opening at tip, few- to many-seeded. Seeds 
(Honor of C. Mentzel, a German botanist. ) 
flat, sometimes winged, rough or smooth. 

