i : 

Umbellaceae 275 
SANICULA SANICLE 
Plants glabrous; stems few-leaved or almost naked. Leaves palmately or pinnately 
veined, lobed to compound; lobes or leaflets more or less pinnatifid or incised. Flowers 
greenish-yellow or purple; umbels few-rayed, compound, irregular; umbellets globose and 
somewhat head-like. Calyx-lobes somewhat foliaceous, persistent. Petals obovate or 
narrower, emarginate. Fruit subglobose, tuberculate or bristly; bristles hooked; carpels 
not ribbed; stylopodium depressed; oil-tubes mostly 3 on the back and 2 on the edges of 
the commissure sides, sometimes 3—|9 irregularly distributed. (L. sanare=to heal: be- 
cause a common European species is vulnerary. ) 
A. Leaves pinnately segmented or lobed. W. 
S. pinnatifida Doug]. 
AA. Leaves ternately or palmately segmented or lobed. 
B. Mature fruit pedicelled or stipitate. 
C. _Involucre-bracts 2—3, small; involucel-bracts 68, small: fruit bristly all over. 
W.E. S. menziesii H. & A. 
CC. Involucre-bracts |—2, large; involucel-bracts 8—12, exceeding the flow- 
ers; fruit naked at base, bristly above. W. 
S. arctopoides H. & A. 
BB. Mature fruit neither pedicelled nor stipitate. 
D. Leaves with the main divisions confluent at base. 
E. Involucels of prominent bractlets, sometimes exceeding the head of fruit. W. 
S. howellii C. & R. 
EE. Involucels of small bractlets. 
F. Leaves 3-lobed to -parted; fruit 3 mm. long including the bristles. W. 
S. laciniata H. & A. 
FF. Leaves 5- or 7-parted; fruit 6—7 mm. long including the bristles. E. 
S. marylandica L. (Black Snakeroot) 
DD. Leaves with the main divisions distinct at base. W.C. E. (S. nevadensis 
for our region. ) S. septentrionalis Gr. 
ERYNGIUM ERYNGO 
Perennial, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, spiny-toothed or lobed or dentate 
or sometimes dissected (not ours) or rarely entire. Flowers white or blue, sessile, in 
heads; heads dense, bracted. Calyx-teeth rigid, prickly-pointed. Petals emarginate. 
Fruit obovoid or ovoid, scaly or tubercled, somewhat flattened laterally. Carpels nearly 
terete, not or hardly ribbed; oil-tubes usually 5. (Said to be from Gk. erygein—to 
belch; some were thought a remedy for flatulency.) 
A. Styles shorter than the sepals. 
B. Bractlets little longer than the heads; heads usually blue. W.E. (E. hark- 
nessil. ) E. articulatum Hook. 
BB.  Bractlets twice as long as the heads; heads green. W. 
E. petiolatum Hook. 
AA. Styles longer than the sepals. 
C. Bractlets but little longer than the flowers; bracts somewhat scarious-margined at 
base. E. E. alismaefolium Gr. 
CC. Bractlets much longer than the flowers; bracts not at all scarious-margined. E. 
E. vaseyi ©. & R. 
