298 Ericaceae 
GAULTHERIA 
Shrubs. Leaves wide, evergreen, alternate. Flowers small, nodding, either solitary 
in the leaf-axils or in axillary racemes. Calyx 5-cleft or -lobed. Corolla urn-shaped to 
campanulate. Stamens 10, anther-cells usually pointed or awned, opening by a pore at 
tip. Ovary 5-celled; style persistent. Fruit a berry composed of the fleshy calyx en- 
closing the ovary, depressed at the apex. Seeds many. (Honor of H. Gaulthier, a 
French naturalist, court physician at Quebec.) 
A. Plant 3—30 dm. high; leaves 2.5—10 cm. long; corolla urn-shaped; filaments 
hairy; fruit black. W.C. < shallon Pursh (Salal) 
AA. Plant 0.5—2 dm. high; leaves 3.7 cm. or less long; corolla campanulate; fila- 
ments glabrous; fruit scarlet. 
B. Leaves broadly ovate or subcordate, 2—3.7 cm. long; corolla twice as long as 
the calyx-lobes. W. C. E. 
G. ovatifolia Gray 
BB. Leaves oval or rounded, |—2 cm. long; corolla little surpassing the calyx- 
lobes. C. E. (G. myrsinites.) 
G. humifusa Rydb. 
ARBUTUS 
Shrubs or trees; bark red and peeling off. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, evergreen, 
oval or oblong (ours). Flowers small, pink or white, in panicles at the twig-ends. Calyx 
5-lobed, small. Corolla globose to urn-shaped; teeth recurved. Stamens 10; anther- 
cells with reflexed awns, opening by pores. Ovary 5-celled; placentae central. Berry 
rough or granular, red (ours). Seeds rather many. The trailing arbutus of eastern U. S. 
goes to the genus Epigaea. (The Latin name.) W. 
A. menziesii Pursh (Madrona) 
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS BEARBERRY, MANZANITA 
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, wide, coriaceous, evergreen, usually verti- 
cal by a twist of the petiole. Flowers small, white to light-red, in racemes or panicles; 
flower-clusters terminal, usually pendulous; pedicels with bracts and bracteoles. Calyx 
deeply 4—5-parted. Corolla urceolate; lobes recurved. Stamens 8 or 10; anther-cells 
with reflexed awns, opening by pores. Berry 4—10-celled, with a 1—-7-seeded stone or 
with the cells more or less separate. (Gk. arktos—a bear, staphyle—=a bunch of grapes; 
hence a bearberry.) 
A. Plant trailing or with branches erect or ascending; ovary and fruit glabrous. (Bear- 
berry or Kinnikinnick. ) ; 
B. Leaves obtuse or retuse; leaf-blade widest above the middle, gradually tapering 
to the petiole. W.C. E. (A. intermedia; A. media.) 
A, uva-ursi Spreng. 
BB. Leaves cuspidate; leaf-blade often widest below the middle, abruptly petioled. C. 
A. nevadensis Gray 
AA. Plant erect; ovary and fruit glabrous or hairy. (Manzanita. ) 
C. Ovary glabrous; leaves glabrous. 
D. Leaves dark-green; pedicels glabrous; twigs glandular. 
E. Bracts longer than the pedicels. 
F. Leaves acute at both ends. U. 
A. hispidula How. 
