300 Primulaceae 
FFF. Leaves 25-50 mm. long; berries black; plant 3—15 dm. high. W. 
C.E. (V. membranaceum rigidum; V. macrophyllum.) 
V. membranaceum Doug. 
EE. Leaves entire or with a few irregular teeth; plants 10—40 dm. high. 
G. Leaves 6—17 mm. long; calyx 5-lobed; berry red. W. C. 
V. parvifolium Sm. (Red Huckleberry) 
GG. Leaves 2.57.5 cm. long; calyx 10-toothed or -lobed; berry blue or 
black. W.C. (V. alaskensis.) 
V. ovalifolium Sm. 
BB. Flowers in clusters of 2—4; corolla usually 4-lobed; calyx 4—5-parted; leaves 
l entire; twigs terete. 
H. Leaf-veins prominent; leaves thick, obtuse or retuse. W.C. (V. uliginosum 
| mucronatum. ) V. uliginosum L. (Bog Bilberry) 
HH. Leaf-veins obscure; leaves thinner, obtuse or acute. C. E. 
V. occidentale Gray - 
AA. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous; filaments hairy; anthers awnless. 
I. Plant erect, 6—24 dm. high; leaves |2—-25 mm. long, acute, sharply serrate, not 
revolute; berry black, not bitterish. W. 
V. ovatum Pursh (Evergreen Huckleberry) 
II. Plant prostrate, with erect shoots not over 2 dm. high; leaves 5-18 mm. long, 
obtuse or emarginate, entire or obscurely serrulate, revolute; berry dark red, bit- 
terish. C. (V. vitis-idaea for our region.) 
V. vitis-idaea minus Lodd. (Rock Cranberry) 
OXYCOCCUS CRANBERRY 
Low, trailing (ours) or erect. Leaves in ours revolute, entire, 4—12 mm. long. 
Flowers axillary or terminal, on long filiform pedicels. Calyx-tube almost hemispheric. 
Petals or corolla-segments 4—5, revolute, narrow. Ovary 4—5-celled. Berry red, 
oblong or globose. Seeds many. (Gk. oxus=sour, kokkus—a berry; the berries are some: 
what acid.) W.C. (Vaccinium oxycoccus intermedium; O. palustris intermedius.) 
0. oxycoccus intermedius Pip. 
PRIMULACEAE Primrose Family 
Herbs, annual or perennial. Leaves alternate or opposite or whorled, or all basal. 
Flowers perfect, regular, variously arranged. Calyx 4—9-parted or -cleft, usually 
5-parted, persistent or rarely deciduous. Corolla in ours gamopetalous or none (Glaux), 
rotate or funnelform or salverform or campanulate, segments as many as the calyx. Sta- 
mens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite them, hypogynous or perigynous, on 
base of corolla-tube; sometimes also sterile filaments present. Ovary superior to inferior 
(Samolus), |-celled; placenta central; style 1; stigma simple, capitate. Capsule 2—6- 
valved or rarely circumseissile or indehiscent; valves entire or 2-cleft. Seeds 1—many. 
A. Leaves opposite or whorled along elongated stems. 
B. Leaves sessile; flowers white or red or yellow. 
C. Flowers yellow; stem erect, 3—6 dm. high; leaves 2.5—5 cm. long, lanceo- 
late. NAUMBURGIA (p. 302) 
CC. Flowers white or red; stem decumbent or diffuse, |—3 dm. high; leaves 
0.6—2.5 cm. long, not lanceolate. 
D. Plants of salt marshes, perennial; stem-terete, very little branched if at all; 
flowers white or pink; petals none. GLAux (p. 303) 
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