308 Apocynaceae 
coarsely erose. Style short or almost none. (Gk. nephros=the kidneys, phyllon—=a 
leaf, idios—=peculiar; hence peculiar kidney-shaped leaf.) W. 
N. crista-galli Gilg. 
MENYANTHES BUCK-BEAN 
Leaves alternate, long-petioled, compound, 3-foliolate; leaflets oblong or obovate, 
entire or repand, obtuse, sessile, pinnately veined, 2.5-7.5 cm. long. Flowers white 
or purplish, racemose or paniculate, on long lateral scapes or peduncles. Calyx-segments 
oblong or lanceolate. Corolla short-funnelform; lobes fimbriate or bearded within, spread- 
ing. Style subulate. Capsule indehiscent or finally rupturing. (Gk. mene—a month, an- 
thos=a flower.) W.C. E. M. trifoliata L. 
APOCYNACEAE Dog-bane Family 
Herbs (ours) or shrubs or trees, sometimes vines (not ours), perennial; juice mostly 
miley (so in ours). Leaves simple, alternate or opposite (ours) or whorled; stipules 
none. Flowers perfect, regular, solitary or cymose or paniculate, the parts in 5’s. Calyx 
inferior, persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, lobed. Stamens on the corolla, as many as 
its lobes, alternate with them. Pollen grains often sticky. Carpels 2, distinct (ours) or 
united, superior, adherent to the calyx at base; ovules numerous (ours) or few; style 
simple or 2-divided. Fruit of 2 follicles (ours). Seed bearded (ours). 
APOCYNUM DOG-BANE 
Leaves entire. Flowers small, white or pink, in terminal or axillary cymes. Calyx 
5-parted; segments acute. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; tube with 5 small appendages 
inside alternate with the stamens. Stamens on base of corolla; anthers united around 
the stigma and slightly adhering to it. Stigma ovoid, obtuse, obscurely 2-lobed. Follicles 
slender, elongated, terete. Seeds many, small, long-bearded at apex. (Gk. apo—from, 
kyon—dog; some species are said to be poisonous to dogs. ) 
A. Leaves oval to orbicular; corolla-lobes spreading or recurved. 
B. Leaves glabrous. W.E. (A. androsaemifolium pumilum. ) 
A. androsaemifolium L. (Spreading Dog-bane) 
BB. Leaves puberulent. E. (A. androsaemifolium detonsum.) 
A. detonsum (Pip.) 
AA. Leaves oval to lanceolate; corolla-lobes erect. 
C. Calyx and bracts ciliolate. E. 
A. ciliolatum Pip. 
CC. Calyx and bracts entire, not ciliolate. 
D. Cymes large, many-flowered. EF. 
A, cannabinum L. (Indian Hemp) 
DD. Cymes small, few-flowered. E. 
A. suksdorfii Gr. 
ASCLEPIADACEAE Milkweed Family 
Herbs (ours) or shrubs, perennial, often vines (not ours) ; juice mostly milky (so in 
ours). Leaves alternate (not ours) or opposite or whorled; stipules none. Flowers 
regular, perfect, mostly in umbels (so in ours). Calyx-tube very short or none; seg- 
ments 5. Corolla rotate to funnelform, 5-lobed or -cleft. Crown between stamens and 
corolla 5-lobed or -parted. Stamens 5, on corolla near base; filaments short, stout, mon- 
adelphous (ours); anthers united around the stigma; pollen cohering in waxy or gran- 
+) 
Pa 
