316 Hydrophyllaceae 
POLEMONIUM GREEK VALERIAN 
Herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnately-parted or -compound. Flowers mostly showy, 
in cymes or panicles or racemes or thyrses. Calyx herbaceous thruout, not angled, not 
ribbed, loose about the capsule, campanulate or narrower, cleft to the middle; lobes equal, 
erect to spreading. Corolla regular, funnelform to rotate. Seeds mucilaginous when 
wet. (Gk. polemos—war; it is said that two kings fought over the honor of the discovery 
oi its medicinal uses.) 
A. Corolla yellow, 16—20 mm. long, its lobes 34 times as long as its tube; plant 
1.5—4.5 dm. high. C. P. luteum How. 
AA. Corolla white or cream-colored or blue or salmon-colored, various in length and 
in lobing. 
B. Leaflets 2—-3-divided and thus appearing in fascicles or whorls, 2—6 mm. long. 
P. confertum Gray 
BB. Leaflets entire, not as if fascicled, usually longer. 
C. Leaflets 2—12 mm. long; stem 5—30 cm. high. 
D. Corolla white, nearly rotate; our only annual species. E. 
P. micranthum Benth. 
DD. Corolla blue, campanulate; perennial. 
E. Flower violet with a yellow eye. C. E. 
; P, elegans Gr. 
EE. Flower pale blue or purplish or white, without eye. 
F. Plants densely caespitose, 5—10 cm. high; leaflets 30-40. C. (P; 
viscosum pilosum.) P. viscosum Nutt. 
FF. Plants loosely caespitose, 15-30 cm. high; leaflets 921. W. 
C.E. (P. pulchellum.) 
P. humile R. & S. 
CC. Leaflets 12—35 mm. or more long; stems often over 30 cm. high. 
G. Corolla salmon- or flesh-colored, 25—-37 cm. wide. U. 
P. carneum Gray 
GG. Corolla white or cream-colored or blue, less than 25 cm. wide. 
H. Stems 6—9 dm. high; seeds 6—13 in each cell. 
I. Leaflets oblong-ovate. C.E. (P. coeruleum for our region; P. folio- 
sissimum. ) F. occidentale Gray 
II. Leaflets linear. E. 
P. pectinatum Gr. 
HH. Stems 1.5—5 dm. high; seeds 3—4 in each cell. W. 
P. amoenum Pip. 
HYDROPHYLLACEAE Water-leaf Family 
Herbs or rarely shrubs, often rough-hairy. Leaves alternate or opposite; stipules 
none. Flowers in scorpoid bractless cymes or spikes or racemes, or solitary on basal 
peduncles. Calyx 5-parted or of 5 nearly distinct sepals. Corolla regular, 5-lobed, ro- 
tate or campanulate or funnelform or salverform. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla- 
lobes, on base of corolla. Ovary superior; styles 1—2, often 2-lobed or -cleft when only 
1; ovules 4—many. Fruit a capsule, 1—2-celled, 2—4-valved. Seeds 2 to many. 
A. Herbs, not evergreen; leaves without balsamic resin. 
B. Stems elongated, leafy; flowers either not solitary or else not on basal peduncles. 
C. Flowers grouped in bractless inflorescences; stems and leaves often unlike those 
ine. 
