324 Boraginaceae 
A. Lower leaves ovate to subcordate; upper leaves wing-petioled; calyx segments ovate; 
corolla-tube hardly exceeding its lobes. W. 
C. grande Doug. 
AA. Lower leaves spatulate; upper leaves sessile or partly clasping; calyx segments 
lanceolate; corolla-tube 2—3 times as long as its lobes. U. C. 
C. occidentale Gray 
LAPPULA (Echinospermum) STICK-SEED 
Annual or perennial, often stiff-hairy, erect, branching. Leaves mostly narrow, en- 
tire. Flowers small or minute, white or blue or yellowish or pink (not ours), in terminal 
bracted or bractless racemes or cymes. Calyx-segments narrow. Corolla salverform or 
funnelform; tube very short; throat closed by scale-like appendages. Stamens included. 
Style short. Nutlets 4, erect or incurved, laterally attached to the receptacle, at length 
separating, margins and often the back with prickles; prickles barbed, stout, often flat- 
tened, distinct or united at base to form a wing. (Diminutive of L. lappa—=a bur; re- 
ferring to the fruit.) 
A. Flowers blue. 
B. Upper part of the raceme bractless. 
C. Flowers 4—6 mm. wide. E. 
L. floribunda Gr. 
CC. Flowers 8—10 mm. wide. C. E. 
L. diffusa Gr. 
BB. Raceme with bracts to the top. 
D. Annual; scar of the nutlets linear. 
FE. Marginal fruit-prickles in 2 rows, distinct to base. FE. (L. lappula; L. my- 
osolis. ) L. echinata Gili. (European Stick-seed) 
EE. Marginal fruit-prickles in 1 row. 
F. Marginal fruit-prickles distinct to base. E. (L. fremontii.) 
L. occidentalis Rydb. 
FF. Marginal fruit-prickles united at base. E. (L. texana.) 
L. cupulata Rydb. 
DD, Perennial; scar of the nutlets triangular or ovate. 
G. Leaves bristly-hairy. U. 
L. setosa Pip. 
GG. Leaves soft-hairy. 
H. Hairs of the plant appressed except sometimes on the petiole. 
I. Marginal fruit-prickles free to the base. E. 
L. cusickii Pip. 
II. Marginal fruit-prickles united at base. E. 
L. ciliata Gr. 
HH. Hairs of the plant not appressed. E. 
L. saxatilis Pip. 
AA. Flowers white or greenish or yellowish. 
J. Hairs spreading, not appressed. 
K. Plant soft-hairy below, stiff-hairy above; panicle-branches about 6-flowered; 
marginal fruit-prickles united at base. 
L. hispidula Gr. 
KK. Whole plant stiff-hairy; panicle-branches 10—15-flowered; marginal fruit- 
prickles free to base. C. L. californica Pip. 
JJ. Hairs appressed. 
i Ae 
