
Diet 
Rubiaceae 363 
G. Scape densely woolly; bracts about as long as the calyx. W. C. E. 
P. purshii R. & S. 
GG. Scape glabrous to pubescent; bracts about 1/3 as long as the calyx. U. 
P. tetrantha Mor. 
FF. Bracts 2—8 times as long as the calyx, aristate. 
H. Spikes dense; plant dark green; bracts 5-10 times as long as the calyx. 
W. P, aristata Michx. 
HH. Spike interrupted; plant light green; bracts about twice as long as the 
salyx.ack. P. spinulosa Den. 
DD. Capsule 4-seeded. 
I. Plant usually glabrous; leaves linear; corolla-lobes remaining open in the capsule; 
spike dense; capsule 3—4 mm. long. W. 
P. bigelovii Gray 
II. Plant ashy-puberulent; leaves linear-spatulate; corolla-lobes closing over the 
capsule; spike not dense; capsule 2 mm. long. C. E. 
*P. elongata Pursh 
RUBIACEAE Madder Family 
Herbs (ours) or shrubs or trees, annual or perennial. Leaves simple, opposite or 
whorled, 1—5-veined from the base (ours) ; stipules present or none. Flowers perfect 
(ours) or dioicous, often of 2 or 3 kinds (not ours), regular. Calyx 4-toothed, or limb- 
less and thus apparently none. Corolla funnelform or club-shaped (not ours) or cam- 
panulate or rotate, 4(ours)—5-lobed, often pubescent inside. Stamens as many as co- 
rolla-lobes and alternate with them, on the corolla. Ovary inferior, 1—10-celled (ours 
2); styles 1—2, short or elongated, simple or lobed. Fruit a capsule or berry or drupe; 
in ours 2-lobed to -parted. Seeds 1—many. 
A. Leaves opposite; stipules small, scartsus. KELLOoGGIA (p. 363) 
AA. Leaves whorled or occasionally some of them opposite; stipules none. 
GALIUM (p. 363) 
KELLOGGIA 
Ours perennial, |—3 dm. high. Leaves opposite; in ours lanceolate, sessile, entire; 
stipules present, small, scarious. Flowers in loose cymose panicles, usually in 4’s, small ; 
in ours white or pinkish. Calyx obovoid, somewhat flattened laterally, toothed, subulate, 
persistent. Corolla funnelform; lobes naked. Style 1, filiform, exserted; stigmas 2. 
Fruit dry, coriaceous, when ripe separating into 2 closed carpels, covered with hooked 
hairs. Seeds 2. W.C.E. (Honor of A. Kellogg, an American botanist.) W. C. E. 
K. galioides Torr. 
; GALIUM BED-STRAW 
Stem slender, 4-angled. Leaves in whorls of 4—8 or rarely some of them opposite. 
Flowers small; green or white or yellow or purple, mostly in axillary or terminal cymes 
or panicles; pedicels usually jointed at the calyx. Calyx-limb none or minutely toothed. 
Corolla rotate. Styles 2, short; stigma capitate. Fruit of 2 somewhat spherical halves, 
dry or fleshy, smooth or rough or hairy or bristly; separating into 2 indehiscent carpels. 
(L. gala—milk; some species were used to curdle milk.) 
A. Leaves 2—4 in a whorl but never all in 2’s, |—5-veined from the base. 
B. Leaves 3—5-veined from the base. ke 
C: Fruit hispid with hooked hairs; leaves 12—37 mm. long; leaf-margin ciliate; 
flowers yellowish-green. 
