


Caprifoliaceae 365 
A. Leaves pinnately compound; anthers opening on the outer side; tall shrubs or trees; 
fruit berry-like, black or red or yellow, 3——5-seeded. SAMBUCUS (p. 365) 
AA. Leaves simple; anthers opening on the inner side. 
B. Leaves palmately 3—5-veined; fruit drupe-like, red or black, 1-seeded; tall 
shrubs. VIBURNUM (p. 365) 
BB. Leaves pinnately veined; fruit dry or berry-like. 
C. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, blade not over 2 cm. long; fruit dry, |-seeded; 
shrubby herb, prostrate, vine-like, creeping. LINNAEA (p. 366) 
CC. . Leaves not coriaceous, not evergreen, blade usually larger; fruit berry-like, 
2—4-seeded; plainly a shrub or tree, vine to erect, often climbing or reclining. 
D. Corolla regular, 12 mm. or less long; ovary 4-celled; berry white, 2-seeded: 
leaves entire or dentate or irregularly lobed, not united at base; shrub, erect 
or rarely trailing. SYMPHORICARPOS (p. 366) 
DD. Corolla irregular, 12 mm. or more long; ovary 2—3-celled; berry red or 
black, 2—4-seeded; leaves entire or merely sinuate, upper pair sometimes 
united at base; shrubs or trees, erect or often trailing or a climbing vine. 
LoNICERA (p. 366) 
SAMBUCUS ELDER 
Ours shrubs or trees. Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets serrate to laciniate. 
Flowers small, white or pinkish, in cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate. Corolla ro- 
tate, slightly campanulate, regular. Stamens 5, on base of corolla. Ovary 3—5-celled; 
style 3-parted. Fruit berry-like, containing 3—5 1 seeded-nutlets. (Gk. sambuke—=a 
musical instrument; said to have been made of Elder.) 
A. Inflorescence flat-topped; pith in I-year-old stems white or slightly brownish; 
berries black but gray with a bloom. W.C. E. (S. ferax; S. decipiens.) 
S. glauca Nutt. (Tree Elder) 
AA. Inflorescence conic; pith in |-year-old stems yellowish brown. 
B. Fruit black, without a bloom; leaves blackening in drying. C. E. 
S. melanocarpa Gray (Black Elder) 
BB. Fruit bright red to yellow; leaves not blackening in drying. W.C. E. (S. 
pubens; S. leiosperma; S. arborescens.) 
S. callicarpa Gr. (Red Elder) 
VIBURNUM ARROW-WOOD 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire to lobed, ours palmately veined. Flowers white or 
rarely pink, in compound cymes, the outer flowers sometimes ray-like and neutral. Calyx- 
tube ovoid or turbinate; limb short. Corolla rotate or short-campanulate, regular. Sta- 
mens 5, exserted. Ovary 1—3-celled; cells |-ovuled; style 3-lobed or -parted. Drupe 
ovoid or globose, in ours red or black. Seed 1, flattish. (Said to be from L. viere=to 
tie; because the twigs of some are very pliable.) 
A. Leaves or some of them 3-lobed; fruit red, its stone not or hardly grooved on either 
face. 
B. Erect shrub; outer flowers of the cyme much larger than the others; cyme 6—10 
cm. wide. W. C. V. opulus L. (High-bush Cranberry) 
BB. Straggling shrub; outer flowers of the cyme not larger than the others; cyme 
- 1—3 cm. wide. C. E. V. pauciflorus Py]. (Squash-berry) 
AA. Leaves not lobed, merely dentate above the middle; fruit black, its stone grooved 
on both faces; cyme 4—10 cm. wide, its outer flowers not larger than the others. 
We CE V. ellipticum Hook. (Black Haw) 
