368 Dipsacaceae . 
FF. Fruit winged. U. E. 
V. aphanoptera Gray 
EE. Corolla spurless; fruit winged.. W. C. E. 
V. anomala Gray 
AA. Stems dichotomous; corolla pale blue; upper leaves ciliate at margin. W. 
V. olitoria Poll. 
VALERIANA VALERIAN 
Perennial, mostly tall, strong-smelling. Leaves chiefly basal, simple or pinnately 
odd-compound. Flowers white or yellowish or pinkish, perfect or dioicous or the two 
mixed. Calyx-teeth merely plumose bristles, deciduous, inrolled and hidden when in 
bloom. Corolla-tube cylindric to obconic, often gibbous, not spurred; limb about equally 
5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit flattish, |-celled, 1-veined behind, 3-veined in the front. 
(Said to be from L. valere=to be strong; on account of the medicinal properties of V. 
officinalis. ) 
A. Leaflets of the stem-leaves coarsely dentate, ovate-lanceolate to orbicular; flowers 
6—8 mm. long; plant from a creeping rhizome. W. C. E. 
V. sitchensis Bong. 
AA. Leaflets of the stem-leaves entire or the terminal one merely 3-cleft. 
B. Corolla 4—8 mm. long, its tube less than twice as long as its limb. 
C. Basal leaves mostly of 3—5 leaflets; divisions of the stem-leaves ovate-lanceo- 
late to orbicular; plant from a creeping rhizome. W. C. E. 
V. sitchensis scouleri Pip. 
CC. Basal leaves mostly simple and entire; divisions of the stem-leaves linear to 
lanceolate. 
D. Leaves thick, entire or the segments not dentate, veins somewhat parallel ; 
stems from an erect fusiform rhizome-root. E. (V. edulis.) 
Ve ceratophylla Pip. (Tobacoo-root) 
DD. Leaves thin, entire or the segments dentate, veins reticulate; stems from 
horizontal rhizomes. C. 
V. sylvatica Banks (Wood Valerian) 
BB. Corolla 14—15 mm. long, its tube twice as long as its limb. E. 
V. columbiana Pip. 
DIPSACACEAE Teasel Family 
Herbs. Leaves opposite (ours) or rarely whorled; stipules none. Flowers perfect, 
in dense involucrate spiny heads, subtended by bracts and involucels: receptacle elongated 
or globose. Calyb-limb cup-shaped (ours). Corolla-tube usually enlarged at the throat; 
limb 2—5-lobed. Stamens 2—4 (ours), on corolla-tube, alternate with the lobes; 
anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, |-celled; style filiform: stigma entire, terminal or 
obliquely lateral. Fruit an akene, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. 
DIPSACUS TEHASEL 
Ours biennial, rough-hairy or prickly, tall. Leaves entire to pinnatifid, usually large. 
Flowers blue or lilac (ours) ; heads terminal, peduncled, oblong; involucre- and receptacle- 
bracts spiny (ours); involucels 4—8-veined. Calyx-limb 4-toothed or -lobed. Corolla 
oblique or 2-lipped, 4-lobed. (Gk. dipsen=to thirst; because the leaf-bases of some 
cateh water.) W. E. D. sylvestris Huds. 

