

Compositaceae 383 
many-flowered; involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate; bracts herbaceous, in 
1—2 series, usually purple (ours), nearly equal; receptacle convex or conic, naked. Ray- 
flowers white or pink or purple. Disk-flowers perfect; corolla yellow, 4—5-toothed. 
Akenes flat, veined near the margin. Pappus either none or a ring of minute bristles. 
(L. bellus—pretty; referring to the flowers.) W. 
B. perennis L. (Garden Daisy) 
BOLTONIA 
Herbs, perennial, branching, glabrous, 6—18 dm. high (ours). Leaves alternate, 
sessile or clasping, entire; in ours broadly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Heads many, 
radiate, many-flowered, in panicles or solitary at the branch-ends; involucre hemispheric 
or broadly campanulate; bracts scarious-margined, in a few series, the outer slightly 
shorter; receptacle convex or conic, honey-combed. Ray-flowers in ours white, 8—10 
mm. long. Disk-flowers perfect: corolla 5-lobed. Akenes flat, obovate, glabrous or 
nearly so, ridged at margin. Pappus a series of short scales with 2 (ours) slender rigid 
bristles among them. (Honor of J. Bolton, an English botanist.) E. 
B. occidentalis How. 
TOWNSENDIA TOWNSENDIA 
Herbs, often acaulescent. Leaves alternate, linear to spatulate, entire. Heads 
radiate, white or pink or purple, large, all alike, many-flowered; involucre hemispheric 
or somewhat globose; bracts lanceolate, numerous, imbricated, appressed, in several series, 
scarious-margined, lacerate-fringed, often colored; receptacle flat, wide, reticulate. Ray- 
flowers rather long, sometimes sterile, white or pink or purple. Disk-flowers perfect: 
corolla 5-toothed. Akenes flat, obovate or oblong, pubescent or glabrous, 2—3-veined. 
Pappus of stout bristles; bristles barbellate, in | series; pappus of the ray-flowers some- 
times mere scales. (Honor of D. Townsend, an American botanist.) 
A. Plant stemless, the stem at least not over 2 cm. long. 
B. Leaves ashy-pubescent; involucre-bracts between acute and acuminate. E. 
T. alpina Rydb. (Gray Townsendia) 
BB. Leaves green but somewhat strigose; involucre-bracts between acute and obtuse. 
; T. dejecta Nels. 
AA. Plant leafy-stemmed, the stem 2—40 cm. high. 
C. Inner involucre-bracts acuminate. 
D. Leaves mostly spatulate; stems naked above. E. 
Te parryi Eat. 
DD. Leaves mostly linear; stems leafy even above. E. 
T. florifer Gray 
CC. Inner involucre-bracts merely acute or obtuse. 
E. Plant without woody base, annual or biennial. E. 
T. watsonii Gray 
EE. Plant with woody. base, perennial. 
F. Rays white to lilac. E. 
T. incana Nutt. 
FF. Rays dark blue. E. 
T. alpigena Pip. 
ASTER ASTER 
Herbs, stems leafy in most. Leaves alternate, entire to somewhat pinnatifid. Heads 
radiate or rayless, many-flowered, solitary or in panicles or corymbs; involucre-bracts in 
