Compositaceae 385 
C. Stem branched from the base, |—2 dm. high. 
D. Plant tomentose; heads 10—12 mm. high. E. (Machaeranthera shasten- 
sis. ) A. shastensis Gray 
DD. Plant puberulent; heads 6—8 mm. high. E. 
A. glossophyllus Pip. 
CC. Stem unbranched below, branched above, 5—10 dm. high. 
1 E. Most of the involucre-bracts erect. E.  (Machaeranthera canescens.) 
A. canescens Pursh 
EE. Most of the involucre-bracts reflexed. E. (Machaeranthera viscosa; 
Machaeranthera canescens viscosa; apparently Machaeranthera magna.) 
A. canescens viscosus Gray 
BB. Inner involucre-bracts attenuate into a slender bristle. E. (Machaeranthera 
attenuata. ) A. attenuatus (How.) 
Subgenus IONACTAE—Perennial, tufted, ours 25 cm. or less high; stems sim- 
ple to the inflorescence, leafy. Leaves rigid, 0—1-veined; in ours 2—25 mm. long, 

linear-oblong or narrower. Heads radiate, showy, | or more on a stem; involucre-bracts 
unequal, coriaceous, linear (ours); tips not herbaceous, appressed. Ray-flowers violet. 
Akénes narrow, villous, flat (ours). Pappus of 2 whorls; inner whorl of many bristles; 
outer whorl of short hair-like bristles. 
A. Plant tomentose-pubescent, 7—10 cm. high; leaves 8—12 mm. long. E. (Jonac- 
tis alpina.) A. scropulorum Gray 
AA. Plant merely somewhat scabrous, 15—-25 cm. high; leaves 12—25 mm. long. 
'E. (Jonactis stenomeres.) A. stenomeres Gray 
Subgenus EUCEPHALAE—Perennial; stems very leafy. Lower leaves the 
smallest. Heads rayless or radiate, solitary or in panicles; involucre-bracts in 3—4 se- 
~~ yies, imbricated, dry, scarious, linear to ovate, concave, somewhat keeled, the outer shorter, 
often purple at tip. Akenes oblong, flattened, villous. Pappus longer than the corolla. 
A. Rays none or rarely 1—2. U. (Eucephalus tomentellus; Eucephalus glabratus. ) 
A. tomentellus (Gr. ) 
AA. Rays 5 or more. 
B. Leaves somewhat tomentose beneath. C. E. (Eucephalus ledophyllus; Euce- 
phalus convillei.) A. ledophyllus (Gray) 
’ BB. Leaves not tomentose beneath, glabrous or puberulent. 
C. Rays purple or violet; plant puberulent. 
D. Involucre-bracts conspicuously woolly-ciliate. E. (Eucephalus elegans.) 
A, elegans T- & G. 
DD. Involucre-bracts not woolly-ciliate. W. (Eucephalus paucicapitatus.) 
A. paucicapitatus Rob. 
CC. Rays white or pinkish; plant glabrous or rarely puberulent. 
| E. Leaves glaucous, broadly lanceolate. C. E.  (Eucephalus glaucescens; 
t Eucephalus glaucophyllus. ) 
A. glaucophyllus (Pip.) 
EE. Leaves green, not glaucous. 
~  F Leaves broadly lanceolate; involucre-bracts partly herbaceous. C. E. 
(Eucephalus engelmanni. ) 
: A. engelmannii Gray 
FF. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; involucre-bracts almost wholly herbaceous. 
(Eucephalus serrulatus.) 
et A. serrulatus (Gr.) 



