414 Compositaceae 
soft, white, equaling the corolla. (Cacalia is a related genus, Gk. opsis—like; hence re- 
sembling Cacalia.) C. E. (C. nardosmia glabrata.) 
C. nardosmia Gray 
LUINA 
Heads; stem simple, 1—3 dm. high. Leaves alternate, entire, ovate to oval, sessile 
1—2.5 cm. long. Heads rayless, about 10-flowered, small, in a cyme; involucre-bracts 
10—12, dry, equal, somewhat rigid, l-veined, about 8 mm. high; receptacle flat. Flow- 
ers perfect, fertile, white or yellowish, 5-toothed. Akene obscurely 10-striate, glabrous. 
Pappus-bristles many, white, equaling the corolla. (An anagram of Jnula, another 
genus of Compositaceae.) W. C. E. 
L. hypoleuca Benth. 
RAINIERA 
Herb, perennial, erect, 3—6 dm. high; juice milky. Leaves alternate, oblong, lanceo- 
late, coarsely dentate, the basal 10-25 cm. long. Heads rayless, 4—6-flowered, in a 
raceme, 2—3 in the axil of each small bract; involucre-bracts 4—10, in I series, erect, 
firm, purplish; receptacle flat. Flowers perfect, fertile, yellowish, with 5 linear lobes. 
Akenes glabrous, prismatic. Pappus-bristles brownish or grayish, slightly scabrous at apex. 
(From Mt. Rainier, where it was first found.) C. 
R. stricta Gr. 
TETRADYMIA 
Shrubs, rigid, low. Leaves alternate or fascicled, entire, narrow. Heads rayless, 
scattered or cymose or clustered; involucre cylindric or oblong, bracts 4—6; receptacle 
flat. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate to linear. Akenes terete, short, obscurely 
5-veined. Pappus-bristles fine, long, soft, white or whitish, minutely scabrous. (Gk. 
tetradymos—4-fold; because many species have just 4 flowers in a head.) 
A. Plant with spines subtending the leaf-fascicles. 
B. Leaves of the fascicles about 6 mm. long; heads 5—9-flowered, scattered. E. 
T. spinosa H. & A. 
BB. Leaves of the fascicle about 12 mm. long; heads 4-flowered, in cymose clusters. 
; T. nuttallii T. & G. 
AA. Plant without spines; heads 4-flowered. 
C. Leaves green when old through shedding of the white hair, those subtending the 
leaf-fascicles narrowly subulate. E. 
T. glabrata Gray 4 
CC. Leaves permanently white-hairy, linear to spatulate-lanceolate. 
T. canescens DC. 
SENECIO 
Herbs, perennial; stem simple in most. Leav 
rarely rayless, 1 to many on a stem, peduncle . 
at base, equal, in 1—2 series, sometimes with a 





i a ee i ee 
ones outside; recep 
flat. Ray-flowers pistillate, yellow. Disk-flowe 5- sen yellow. Akene 
5-angled or 5—10-ribbed, glabrous to hairy. E les capillary, scabrous 
ballate, in 1 whorl. (L. senex—an old man; re the ripe heads white wi 
pus. ) 
A. None of the leaves pinnate nor pinnatifid. 
AA. Some of the leaves pinnate or pinnatifid. 
