
Compositaceae 423 
A. Leaves all basal, entire or merely wavy. 
B. Pappus of copious bristles; most of the bristles barbellate-denticulate; akene 
smooth. C. (Apargidium boreale.) 
S. borealis Gr. 
BB. Pappus of 10 scales with awn tips; awns minutely plumose, several times as long 
as the scales; akene 8—10-ribbed or -striate. U. 
S. pratensis Gr. 
AA. Leaves not all basal, ‘at least | on the elongated stem; akene 8—10-ribbed or 
striate. 
C. Anws of the pappus-scales 3 or more times as long as the scales; peduncles |-flow- 
- ered. 
D.  Scale-like base of the pappus awns less than half as long as the akenes. 
E. Pappus awns 3—5 times as long as their scale-like base; attenuate into 
awns. W. C. S. leptosepala Nutt. 
EE. Pappus awns 6—9 times as long as their scale-like base. 
F. Pappus-scales lanceolate; attenuate-awned. W. 
S. procera Gr. 
FF. Pappus-scales deltoid or ovate-triangular, bluntly-awned. W. C. 
S. laciniata Nutt. 
DD.  Scale-like base of the pappus-awns about as long as the akenes; scales 
abruptly awned. W. S. bolanderi Gr. 
CC. Awns of the pappus-scales about as long as the scales; peduncles 1—3-flow- 
ered.. U, S. howellii Gr. 
PTILOCALAIS 
Biennial, glabrous; root fusiform; stem leafy. Leaves entire to pinnately parted. 
Peduncles long; involucre-bracts imbricated in several series, inner long acuminate, outer 
shorter and acute. Corolla yellow. Akenes linear-columnar. Pappus clear white, soft, 
of 15—20 bristles or awns which are dilated below into scale-like bases; scales truncate 
or emarginate; awns long, soft-plumose, capillary. (Gk. ptilon—a feather, Calais is 
an old genus of Compositaceae. ) 
A. Leaves spatulate-obovate or much lobed; involucre-bracts of an inner whorl and a 
few short calyx-like ones outside. C. E. 
P. nutans Gr. 
AA. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or much lobed; involucre bracts distinctly of 3 lengths 
from inside outward. E. P. major GT. 
NOTHOCALAIS 
Perennial, acaulescent. Leaves linear or lanceolate, in ours entire or undulate. 
Heads erect; involucre-bracts in 2 series, narrowly lanceolate, membranous, with some- 
what thinner hyaline margins, nearly equal. Corolla yellow. Akene fusiform, stipitate, 
contracted to attenuate-beaked at tip, 10-ribbed. Pappus of chaffy scales and capillary 
bristles; scales very white and soft, 20—50, narrow, scabrous-margined, unequal. (Gk. 
nothos—spurious, Calais is an old genus of Compositaceae. ) 
A. Pappus of 20—40 scales and bristles. FE. (NN. suksdorfit; N. nigrescens.) 
N. troximoides Gr. 
Sra f 40-—50 scales and bristles. E. 
ie 2 a N. cuspidata Gv: 
