424 Compositaceae 
HYPOCHAERIS CAT’S-EAR 
Perennial; stems scapose, branched. Leaves basal, tufted; in ours entire, oblanceo- 
late; stem-leaves mere scales or bracts. Heads long-peduncled, paniculate, large; in- 
volucre-bracts herbaceous, imbricated in several series, appressed, the outer smaller; 
receptacle chaffy. Corolla yellow. Akenes oblong to linear, 10-ribbed, somewhat nar- 
rowed below, contracted above into a long or short beak. Pappus of | row of plumose 
bristles, sometimes with some shorter simple ones. (Gk. hypo=under, chaeris—young 
pigs; because pigs like the roots.) W. C. 
H. radicata L. 
LEONTODON HAWK-BIT 
Perennial; stems scapose, in ours branched and bracted. Leaves basal, tufted, 
mostly pinnatifid. Heads large, solitary at the ends of the branches (ours) ; chief involu- 
cre-bracts in 1|—2 series, equal, also several series of short outer bracts. Corolla yellow. 
Akenes oblong or linear, finely striate, contracted or beaked at the summit. Pappus of 
bristles; bristles plumose, brownish, persistent, in |—2 series, somewhat widened at base. 
(Gk. leona lion, odous—a tooth; referring to the leaf-teeth.) W. 
L. autumnale L. (Fall Dandelion) 
PTILORIA (Stephanomeria) 
Annual or perennial, glabrous. Leaves often basal, entire to pinnatifid; branch- 
leaves often scale-like. Head small, erect, paniculate or solitary at the branch-tips, open- 
ing mornings; chief involucre-bracts equal, few, scarlous-margined, slightly united at 
base, often with some shorter ones on the outside; receptacle naked. Corolla pinkish. 
Akenes oblong or linear, terete or columnar, 5-ribbed, truncate or beaked at summit; ribs 
smooth or rugose. Pappus of | series of rather rigid plumose bristles. (Gk. ptilon—a 
feather; referring to the plumose pappus. ) 
A. Pappus gray-brown, plumose to the base; annual. E. 
P. paniculata Gr. 
AA.  Pappus white. 
B. Hairs of the pappus plumose to the base or nearly so. 
C. Annual; lower leaves often merely sinuate. E. 
P. virgata Gr. 
CC. Perennial; lower leaves pinnatifid. E. 
P, tenuifolia Raf. 
BB. Hairs of the pappus plumose only above the middle. E. (S. lygodesmoides.) 
P. exigua Gr. 
RAFINESQUIA 
Annual; stem leafy, branched; ours glabrous thruout, 6—9 dm. high. Leaves 
pinnatifid, oblong (ours). Heads rather large, in panicles, 15—30-flowered; chief in- 
volucre-bracts 7—15, equal, linear, attenuate, with some smaller ones outside; receptacle 
naked. Corolla white or flesh-colored. Akene terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely 
few-ribbed, attenuate into a slender beak, wide at base. Pappus of bristles, bristles capil- 
lary, 10—15, soft, long-plumose from the base to near the tip, dull-white (ours). | Prob- 
ably in honor of C. S. Rafinesque, an American botanist.) E. 
R. californica Nutt. 

